A, Left ventricular tissue from human patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (including non-ischemic and ischemic cardiomyopathies, n = 18, “D”) was compared with tissue from those without LV dilation (both non-dilated heart disease and normal controls, n = 5, “N”). Patient cohorts are described in Table VII in the Data Supplement. Immunoblot signals for phospho-S103 and total SRF antibodies (blots on left) were normalized by total protein content detected by Ponceau S stain (stained identical blots on right). B, Data are expressed as fold to mean for control cohort, with bars indicating mean +/− s.e.m. SRF and P- S103/SRF ratio datasets passed D’Agostino-Pearson omnibus (K2) normality testing and were compared using unpaired t-tests, while the SRF datasets were compared by Mann-Whitney test. ** p = 0.008.