Table 3.
The association between hot flushes, night sweats and incident CVD, CHD and stroke
| Vasomotor symptoms (VMS) | CVD | CHD | Stroke | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of CVD events | No. of cases per 1000 person-years | Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | No. of CHD events | No. of cases per 1000 person-years | Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | No. of stroke events | No. of cases per 1000 person-years | Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | ||||
| Frequency (ALSWH, SWAN) | Hot flushes | |||||||||||
| Never | 563 | 5.4 | 1.00 | 494 | 4.7 | 1.00 | 131 | 1.2 | 1.00 | |||
| Rarely | 232 | 5.8 | 0.88 (0.73, 1.05) | 198 | 5.0 | 0.87 (0.71, 1.06) | 48 | 1.2 | 0.75 (0.50, 1.12) | |||
| Sometimes | 314 | 5.7 | 0.92 (0.77, 1.09) | 281 | 5.1 | 0.94 (0.78, 1.12) | 64 | 1.1 | 0.80 (0.55, 1.16) | |||
| Often | 240 | 6.5 | 0.93 (0.76, 1.12) | 204 | 5.5 | 0.93 (0.76, 1.15) | 65 | 1.7 | 0.93 (0.62, 1.38) | |||
| Night sweats | ||||||||||||
| Never | 657 | 5.1 | 1.00 | 575 | 4.4 | 1.00 | 146 | 1.1 | 1.00 | |||
| Rarely | 228 | 6.1 | 0.96 (0.80, 1.16) | 197 | 5.3 | 0.93 (0.76, 1.14) | 54 | 1.4 | 1.04 (0.71, 1.53) | |||
| Sometimes | 280 | 6.5 | 1.22 (1.02, 1.45) | 245 | 5.7 | 1.19 (0.98, 1.43) | 60 | 1.4 | 1.27 (0.87, 1.85) | |||
| Often | 184 | 7.0 | 1.29 (1.05, 1.58) | 160 | 6.0 | 1.25 (1.00, 1.56) | 48 | 1.8 | 1.57 (1.05, 2.37) | |||
| Severity (NSHD, NCDS, HOW, WHITEHALL) | Hot flushes | |||||||||||
| Never | 294 | 9.6 | 1.00 | 259 | 8.5 | 1.00 | 43 | 1.4 | 1.00 | |||
| Mild | 137 | 13.5 | 1.70 (1.31, 2.20) | 133 | 13.1 | 1.80 (1.38, 2.35) | 7 | 0.7 | 0.80 (0.29, 2.22) | |||
| Moderate | 90 | 11.4 | 1.23 (0.88, 1.70) | 88 | 11.1 | 1.30 (0.93, 1.81) | 5 | 0.6 | 0.48 (0.10, 2.27) | |||
| Severe | 77 | 19.1 | 1.83 (1.22, 2.73) | 69 | 17.1 | 1.78 (1.17, 2.70) | 10 | 2.3 | 3.03 (0.94, 9.78) | |||
| Night sweats | ||||||||||||
| Never | 337 | 9.7 | 1.00 | 303 | 8.7 | 1.00 | 45 | 1.2 | 1.00 | |||
| Mild | 106 | 13.1 | 1.41 (1.06, 1.87) | 99 | 12.3 | 1.37 (1.02, 1.83) | 9 | 1.0 | 1.24 (0.45, 3.42) | |||
| Moderate | 95 | 15.4 | 1.70 (1.24, 2.33) | 93 | 15.1 | 1.72 (1.25, 2.37) | 4 | 0.6 | 0.96 (0.25, 3.68) | |||
| Severe | 60 | 16.6 | 1.59 (1.07, 2.37) | 54 | 15.0 | 1.51 (1.00, 2.29) | 7 | 1.8 | 1.90 (0.53, 6.86) | |||
All HRs were adjusted for age at beginning of the interval, race/ethnicity, education, body mass index, smoking status, hypertension status, menopausal hormone therapy status, and menopausal status. When the association with hot flushes was analyzed, night sweats status was further adjusted, and vice versa.
Abbreviations: CVD, cardiovascular disease; CHD, coronary heart disease.