Table 4.
The association between any VMS and incident CVD, CHD and stroke
| Vasomotor symptoms (hot flushes and/or night sweats) | CVD | CHD | Stroke | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of CVD events | No. of cases per 1000 person-years | Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | No. of CHD events | No. of cases per 1000 person-years | Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | No. of stroke events | No. of cases per 1000 person-years | Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | ||||
| Frequency (ALSWH, SWAN) | Never | 492 | 5.2 | 1.00 | 433 | 4.6 | 1.00 | 115 | 1.2 | 1.00 | ||
| Rarely | 242 | 5.7 | 0.98 (0.82, 1.17) | 206 | 4.9 | 0.98 (0.81, 1.19) | 53 | 1.2 | 0.86 (0.59, 1.26) | |||
| Sometimes | 344 | 5.8 | 1.19 (1.02, 1.38) | 303 | 5.1 | 1.18 (1.01, 1.39) | 71 | 1.2 | 1.10 (0.79, 1.53) | |||
| Often | 271 | 6.7 | 1.36 (1.16, 1.59) | 235 | 5.8 | 1.35 (1.14, 1.60) | 69 | 1.7 | 1.43 (1.03, 1.98) | |||
| Severity (NSHD, NCDS, HOW, WHITEHALL) | Never | 262 | 9.4 | 1.00 | 230 | 8.3 | 1.00 | 40 | 1.4 | 1.00 | ||
| Mild | 131 | 12.5 | 1.78 (1.42, 2.24) | 125 | 11.9 | 1.87 (1.48, 2.37) | 9 | 0.8 | 0.95 (0.43, 2.13) | |||
| Moderate | 115 | 12.6 | 1.68 (1.30, 2.16) | 112 | 12.2 | 1.81 (1.40, 2.34) | 6 | 0.6 | 0.47 (0.14, 1.57) | |||
| Severe | 90 | 17.3 | 2.11 (1.62, 2.76) | 82 | 15.7 | 2.12 (1.61, 2.81) | 10 | 1.8 | 2.09 (0.97, 4.49) | |||
All HRs were adjusted for age at beginning of the interval, race/ethnicity, education, body mass index, smoking status, hypertension status, menopausal hormone therapy status, and menopausal status.
Abbreviations: CVD, cardiovascular disease; CHD, coronary heart disease