Table 4.
Pain behaviors by vocal complaints and cognitive impairment among 430,377 residents with any pain
| Pain Behavior | Vocal complaints | |
|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | |
| n=144,061 | n=286,316 | |
| Percentage | ||
| Facial expressions | 77.9 | 34.3 |
| Non-verbal sounds | 51.8 | 19.5 |
| Protective body movements or postures | 24.6 | 15.2 |
| No/Mild Cognitive Impairment | ||
| n=10,218 | n=97,543 | |
| Facial expressions | 77.7 | 17.3 |
| Non-verbal sounds | 49.8 | 7.8 |
| Protective body movements or postures | 26.0 | 8.0 |
| Moderate Cognitive Impairment | ||
| n=34,508 | n=79,177 | |
| Facial expressions | 78.4 | 37.8 |
| Non-verbal sounds | 49.8 | 21.0 |
| Protective body movements or postures | 26.5 | 16.2 |
| Severe Cognitive Impairment | ||
| n=99,335 | n=109,596 | |
| Facial expressions | 77.7 | 46.8 |
| Non-verbal sounds | 52.8 | 28.8 |
| Protective body movements or postures | 23.8 | 20.9 |