Table 2.
Pathogens of the major poultry production species with the highest H-index scores.
| Rank1 | Pathogen | Group2 | H-index | Zoonotic | OIE-listed3 | Total4 | Mean ± SD4 | Countries5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Avian influenza virus | Virus | 127 | X | X | 33,404 | 263.0 ± 293.1 | USA (36%), CHN (15%), GBR (8%) |
| 2 | Avian leukosis virus | Virus | 96 | 24,820 | 258.5 ± 228.1 | USA (84%), CHE (5%), GBR (3%) | ||
| 3 | Avian paramyxovirus (Newcastle) | Virus | 77 | X | X | 10,967 | 142.4 ± 82.7 | USA (26%), GBR (16%), NLD (9%) |
| 4 | Infectious bursal disease virus | Virus | 76 | X | 9,148 | 120.4 ± 48.0 | USA (26%), DEU (17%), GBR (10%) | |
| 5 | Infectious bronchitis virus | Virus | 73 | X | 8,259 | 113.1 ± 45.6 | GBR (42%), USA (22%), NLD (12%) | |
| 6 | Duck hepatitis B virus | Virus | 72 | 9,683 | 134.5 ± 75.3 | USA (47%), DEU (17%), JPN (8%) | ||
| 6 | S. enteritidis, S. typhimurium6 | Bacteria | 72 | X | 7,869 | 109.3 ± 37.7 | GBR (36%), USA (32%), BEL (7%) | |
| 8 | Eimeria spp | Other | 70 | 8,389 | 119.8 ± 58.7 | USA (39%), GBR (17%), CAN (7%) | ||
| 9 | Clostridium perfringens | Bacteria | 64 | X | 6,689 | 104.5 ± 50.0 | CAN (26%), USA (21%), BEL (10%) | |
| 10 | Escherichia coli | Bacteria | 58 | X | 6,147 | 106.0 ± 65.9 | USA (24%), CAN (21%), ESP (8%) | |
| 11 | Chicken anemia virus | Virus | 53 | 4,286 | 80.1 ± 38.2 | JPN (24%), IRL (24%), NLD (16%) | ||
| 12 | Avian adenovirus 1 | Virus | 51 | 3,703 | 72.6 ± 30.7 | USA (14%), DEU (12%), GBR (10%) | ||
| 13 | Reticuloendotheliosis virus | Virus | 49 | 4,127 | 84.2 ± 43.5 | USA (75%), JPN (4%)7 | ||
| 14 | Mycoplasma gallisepticum | Bacteria | 48 | X | 3,357 | 70.0 ± 24.7 | USA (47%), AUS (15%), ISR (11%) | |
| 15 | Avian reovirus | Virus | 44 | 2,950 | 67.1 ± 23.6 | USA (31%), ESP (22%), THA (13%) | ||
| 16 | Aflatoxins8 | Other | 43 | X | 3,448 | 80.2 ± 38.6 | USA (52%), TUR (11%), ARG (9%) | |
| 17 | Pasteurella multocida | Bacteria | 42 | X | 2,861 | 68.1 ± 57.5 | USA (44%), AUS (38%), CAN (5%) | |
| 18 | Avian pneumovirus | Virus | 41 | X | 2,757 | 67.2 ± 23.5 | GBR (57%), USA (24%), FRA (9%) | |
| 19 | Fusarium spp | Other | 40 | X | 3,056 | 70.4 ± 65.8 | USA (40%), AUT (14%), CAN (10%) | |
| 19 | Ochratoxins9 | Other | 40 | X | 2,999 | 75.0 ± 34.8 | USA (34%), IND (10%), DEU (6%) |
Rank according to the H-index.
Other includes helminths, protozoa, external parasites, fungi, and mycotoxicosis.
OIE list of 2020 (OIE, 2020).
Total number of citations and mean number of citations ± SD of the publications included in the H-index core.
Top 3 countries of origin of publications in the H-index core, and percentage of publications originating from the country. Three-letter country codes were used (International Organization for Standardization (ISO): Online Browsing Platform, 2020). GBR is used for the UK, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland).
Salmonellosis caused only by Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium were grouped together as the etiological agents of salmonellosis and separated from other Salmonella species and subspecies causing pullorum disease or fowl typhoid.
CZE, AUS, CAN, GBR, DEU, FRA, ISR, CHN, and CHE ranked third in contribution (2%).
Aflatoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, and Penicillium puberulum.
Ochratoxins produced by Penicillium viridicatum and Aspergillus ochraceus.