Adipose tissue resident and infiltrating immune cells activity in health and disease. Significant crosstalk exists among adipocytes, adipokines, and resident and infiltrating, innate and adaptive immune cells. Metabolic disease conditions modulate the adipokine profile and immune cell activity leading to the observed chronic low-grade inflammation. Pathways involved in AT homeostasis are depicted in black arrows, while those activated by metabolic dysfunction are shown in red. B Cell, B Lymphocyte; Breg Cells, Regulatory B Lymphocyte; CCL11, C-C motif chemokine 11; CD1d, Cluster of Differentiation 1d; cDC, Conventional Dendritic Cell; FFA, Free Fatty Acids; IFNγ, Interferon Gamma; IgG, Immunoglobulin G; IL, Interleukin; ILC, Innate Lymphoid Cell; iNKT Cell, Invariant Natural Killer T Cell; LTB4, Leukotriene B4; NET, Neutrophil Extracellular Trap; NF-κB, Nuclear Factor Kapp-light-chain-enhancer of Activated B cells; NLRP3, NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3; NO, Nitric Oxide; pDC, Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell; ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species; T Cell, T Lymphocyte; TGF-β, Transforming Growth Factor Beta; Th Cell, Helper T Lymphocyte; TLR, Toll Like Receptor; TNFα, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha; Treg, Regulatory T Lymphocyte.