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. 2020 Nov 17;7:602088. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.602088

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Copyright © 2020 AlZaim, Hammoud, Al-Koussa, Ghazi, Eid and El-Yazbi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Immune cells-mediated regulation of adaptive thermogenesis. Different types of immune cells exert various modes of control on thermogenesis by either directly modulating the adipocyte function or affecting sympathetic nerve activity and norepinephrine turn-over. Pathways promoting thermogenesis are depicted in black, while inhibitory pathways are shown in red. ADM2, Adrenomedullin-1; β3-AR, Beta 3-adrenergic Receptor; CCL11, C-C motif chemokine 11; FGF21, Fibroblast Growth Factor 21; H2R, Histamine 2 Receptor; γGalCer, Alpha-galactosylceramide; IL, Interleukin; ILC, Innate Lymphoid Cell; MAO, Monoamine Oxidase; NE, Norepinephrine; Opioid R, Opioid Receptor; SCL6A2, Solute Carrier Family 6 Member 2; TGF-β, Transforming Growth Factor Beta; Treg, Regulatory T Lymphocyte.