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. 2020 Nov 17;7:602088. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.602088

Table 3.

Metabolic pathways of neutrophils, eosinophils and mast cells.

Immune cell Metabolic pathway Metabolic reprogramming Relevance of metabolic pathway to cellular function Model References
Neutrophils Glycolysis Required for phagocytosis Stimulated human neutrophils in vitro (186)
Required for NETosis Phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated human neutrophils in vitro (187)
Oxidative phosphorylation Required for differentiation shRNA induced knockdown of adenylate kinase 2 in neutrophil progenitor cells (188)
Required for chemotaxis and respiratory burst Oligomycin and FCCP-treated human neutrophils (189)
Required for the production of ROS LPS-treated mouse bone marrow-derived neutrophils treated with Antimycin A or myxothiazol (190)
Required for migration Polg CRISPR/Cas9-mediated neutrophil-specific knockout in Zebra fish (191)
Pentose phosphate pathway Required for NETosis Amyloid fibril- and phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated human neutrophils (192)
Required for ROS generation and NETosis G6PD-deficient patients
G6PD-deficient mice
(193, 194)
TCA cycle Required for chemotaxis Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutant mice (195)
Required for differentiation Mouse Atg5-deficient neutrophils and an in vitro model of differentiating neutrophils (196)
Lipogenesis Required for differentiation Atg7-deficient neutrophil precursors (197)
Required for neutrophil maintanence FASlox/lox-Rosa26-CreER mice (198)
Glutamine metabolism Not required for NETosis Phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated human neutrophils in vitro (187)
Fatty acid oxidation Required for NOX-2-dependent respiratory burst and ROS production NOX deficient p47−/− mice, bone marrow c-Kit+/− neutrophils and human neutrophils (199)
Required for NETosis (185)
Required for differentiation Atg7-deficient neutrophil precursors (197)
Eosinophils Glycolysis Peripheral blood-derived human eosinophils (200)
IL-3, IL-5, or GM-CSF-stimulated human eosinophils (201)
Oxidative phosphorylation Peripheral blood-derived human eosinophils (200)
IL-3, IL-5, or GM-CSF-stimulated human eosinophils (201)
TCA cycle IL-3, IL-5, or GM-CSF-stimulated human eosinophils (201)
Glutamine metabolism IL-3, IL-5, or GM-CSF-stimulated human eosinophils (201)
Mast Cells Glycolysis Required for histamine release 2-DG-treated rat mast cells (202)
Required for IgE-mediated degranulation High glucose-treated bone marrow-derived mouse mast cells (203)
Oxidative phosphorylation (204)
Pentose Phosphate Pathway (204)
TCA Cycle Truncated Accumulation of upstream intermediates that channel through the PPP
Mast cell degranulation
Basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells and a mouse model of allergen-induced airway hyper-responsiveness (204, 205)
Lipogenesis (204)

⇑, high metabolic rate; ⇓, low metabolic rate.