Table 6.
Metabolic pathways implicated in B lymphocyte proliferation, differentiation, activation, and function.
| Immune cell | Metabolic pathway | Metabolic reprogramming | Relevance of metabolic pathway to cellular function | Model | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B cells | Glycolysis | ⇑ | Required for proliferation and antibody secretion | Rag1−/− mice LPS, anti-IgM or CpG oligodeoxynucleotide-stimulated mouse B cells B cell-specific Glut1 deletion Chronic BAFF stimulation of B cells |
(339) |
| B cell antigen receptor (BCR)-mediated growth | p85α-deficient mice | (340) | |||
| Limited time frame BCR-mediated metabolic activation | Anti-IgM and CpG-stimulated mouse B cells B cells of MD4 mice treated with oligomycin, 2-DG and FCCP |
(341) | |||
| ⇓ | In germinal center B cells |
Ex vivo germinal Center B cells Cpt2-knockdown B cells |
(342) | ||
| Oxidative phosphorylation | ⇑ | Required for B cell growth and differentiation | IL-4-stimulated and oligomycin-treated primary mouse B cells | (343) | |
| Limited time frame BCR-mediated metabolic activation | Anti-IgM and CpG-stimulated mouse B cells B cells of MD4 mice treated with oligomycin, 2-DG and FCCP |
(341) | |||
| Pentose phosphate pathway | ⇑ | p85α-deficient mice | (340) | ||
| tca cycle | ⇑ | IL-4-stimulated and oligomycin-treated primary mouse B cells | (343) | ||
| ⇓ | In Germinal Center B cells |
Ex vivo germinal Center B cells Cpt2-knockdown B cells |
(342) | ||
| Lipogenesis | ⇑ | Proliferation and expansion of endomembrane network in response to LPS | LPS-stimulated murine splenic B lymphocytes CH12 B lymphoma cells |
(344) | |
| Glutamine metabolism | ⇑ | Required for B cell growth and differentiation | IL-4-stimulated and oligomycin-treated primary mouse B cells | (343) |
⇑, high metabolic rate; ⇓, low metabolic rate.