Table 2.
Bivariate Followed by Multivariate Analysis of Demographic Factors and Comorbidities Associated With Total TDI Score.
| TDI Bivariate Analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic Variable | N | Correlation Coefficient (r) | P |
| Age | 176 | −0.567 | <.001 |
| MMSE | 176 | 0.282 | <.001 |
| Comorbidities | N | Mean (SD) | P |
| Allergic rhinitis | |||
| Yes | 56 | 26.99 (6.9) | .026 |
| No | 118 | 29.49 (6.7) | |
| Asthma | |||
| Yes | 14 | 23.80 (8.1) | .028 |
| No | 162 | 29.21 (6.6) | |
| Previous sinus surgery | |||
| Yes | 12 | 29.19 (5.6) | .796 |
| No | 163 | 28.73 (6.9) | |
| Diabetes | |||
| Yes | 18 | 26.57 (5.6) | .096 |
| No | 158 | 29.04 (7) | |
| Heart problems | |||
| Yes | 19 | 21.68 (6.7) | <.001 |
| No | 157 | 29.65 (6.4) | |
| Hyperlipidemia | |||
| Yes | 38 | 27.89 (6.3) | .382 |
| No | 136 | 28.94 (7) | |
| Hypertension | |||
| Yes | 53 | 26.64 (6.2) | .005 |
| No | 123 | 29.71 (6.9) | |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | |||
| Yes | 20 | 26.26 (6.8) | .089 |
| No | 156 | 29.11 (6.8) | |
| Depression | |||
| Yes | 33 | 29.19 (6.5) | .698 |
| No | 143 | 28.69 (7) | |
| Anxiety | |||
| Yes | 25 | 31.24 (5.7) | .031 |
| No | 151 | 28.38 (6.9) | |
| Arthritis | |||
| Yes | 39 | 27.11 (6.3) | .071 |
| No | 137 | 29.26 (7) | |
| Cancer (any) | |||
| Yes | 21 | 23.97 (8.1) | .007 |
| No | 155 | 29.44 (6.5) | |
| GERD | |||
| Yes | 25 | 30.77 (5.1) | .054 |
| No | 151 | 28.46 (7.1) | |
| Exposures/risk factors | N | Mean (SD) | P |
| Military service | |||
| Yes | 23 | 25.67 (8.2) | .058 |
| No | 152 | 29.22 (6.6) | |
| Smoking: ever | |||
| Yes | 68 | 27.11 (7.8) | .015 |
| No | 108 | 29.84 (5.9) | |
| TDI Multivariate Analysis | |||
| Variable | Unstandardized B | t | P |
| TDI (constant) | 22.884 | 2.726 | |
| Age | −0.2 | −7.693 | <.001 |
| Asthma | −5.294 | −3.396 | .001 |
| GERD | 4.498 | 3.64 | <.001 |
| MMSE | 0.561 | 2.043 | .043 |
Abbreviations: GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; MMSE, Mini-Mental Status Examination; N, number of subjects; r, correlation coefficient; SD, standard deviation; t, t statistic; TDI, composite of threshold (T), discrimination (D), identification (I) score.