Table 1.
Results of the Dickey-Fuller tests of the historical series of the accumulated number of cases of covid-19 in Brazil and in its 27 federative units.
| State | Differencing order | t-statistics | τ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acre | d = 0 | 4.4121 | −1.95 |
| d = 1 | 1.874 | −1.95 | |
| d = 2 | −3.983 | −1.95 | |
| Alagoas | d = 0 | 1.6772 | −1.95 |
| d = 1 | −0.7374 | −1.95 | |
| d = 2 | −7.8526 | −1.95 | |
| Amazonas | d = 0 | 5.8866 | −1.95 |
| d = 1 | 1.6766 | −1.95 | |
| d = 2 | −5.5631 | −1.95 | |
| Amapá | d = 0 | 4.674 | −1.95 |
| d = 1 | −0.2412 | −1.95 | |
| d = 2 | −6.2019 | −1.95 | |
| Bahia | d = 0 | 7.9516 | −1.95 |
| d = 1 | 1.4916 | −1.95 | |
| d = 2 | −8.651 | −1.95 | |
| Ceará | d = 0 | 6.1006 | −1.95 |
| d = 1 | 0.7138 | −1.95 | |
| d = 2 | −2.7642 | −1.95 | |
| Distrito Federal | d = 0 | 5.481 | −1.95 |
| d = 1 | −1.0392 | −1.95 | |
| d = 2 | −8.9064 | −1.95 | |
| Espírito Santo | d = 0 | 4.7973 | −1.95 |
| d = 1 | −1.1292 | −1.95 | |
| d = 2 | −9.1055 | −1.95 | |
| Goiás | d = 0 | 5.0383 | −1.95 |
| d = 1 | −0.9949 | −1.95 | |
| d = 2 | −7.6139 | −1.95 | |
| Maranhão | d = 0 | 4.1517 | −1.95 |
| d = 1 | 0.674 | −1.95 | |
| d = 2 | −5.2222 | −1.95 | |
| Minas Gerais | d = 0 | 6.9037 | −1.95 |
| d = 1 | 0.62 | −1.95 | |
| d = 2 | −9.5418 | −1.95 | |
| Mato Grosso do Sul | d = 0 | 3.988 | −1.95 |
| d = 1 | −1.9052 | −1.95 | |
| d = 2 | −7.5919 | −1.95 | |
| Mato Grosso | d = 0 | 4.9929 | −1.95 |
| d = 1 | −1.1216 | −1.95 | |
| d = 2 | −6.0585 | −1.95 | |
| Pará | d = 0 | 5.8845 | −1.95 |
| d = 1 | 0.5428 | −1.95 | |
| d = 2 | −5.5288 | −1.95 | |
| Paraíba | d = 0 | 7.6861 | −1.95 |
| d = 1 | 2.0185 | −1.95 | |
| d = 2 | −7.0357 | −1.95 | |
| Pernambuco | d = 0 | 3.5281 | −1.95 |
| d = 1 | −0.2507 | −1.95 | |
| d = 2 | −8.4942 | −1.95 | |
| Piauí | d = 0 | 5.693 | −1.95 |
| d = 1 | 1.7041 | −1.95 | |
| d = 2 | −5.3715 | −1.95 | |
| Paraná | d = 0 | 2.5805 | −1.95 |
| d = 1 | −1.4351 | −1.95 | |
| d = 2 | −7.2115 | −1.95 | |
| Rio de Janeiro | d = 0 | 8.1792 | −1.95 |
| d = 1 | 0.3303 | −1.95 | |
| d = 2 | −9.0729 | −1.95 | |
| Rio Grande do Norte | d = 0 | 4.6418 | −1.95 |
| d = 1 | −1.7051 | −1.95 | |
| d = 2 | −6.9444 | −1.95 | |
| Rondônia | d = 0 | 4.8637 | −1.95 |
| d = 1 | 0.3534 | −1.95 | |
| d = 2 | −5.8114 | −1.95 | |
| Roraima | d = 0 | 3.0461 | −1.95 |
| d = 1 | 0.1819 | −1.95 | |
| d = 2 | −2.3616 | −1.95 | |
| Rio Grande do Sul | d = 0 | 4.1479 | −1.95 |
| d = 1 | 0.3525 | −1.95 | |
| d = 2 | −3.7048 | −1.95 | |
| Santa Catarina | d = 0 | 3.7958 | −1.95 |
| d = 1 | −1.6657 | −1.95 | |
| d = 2 | −8.1044 | −1.95 | |
| Sergipe | d = 0 | 8.3063 | −1.95 |
| d = 1 | −0.2861 | −1.95 | |
| d = 2 | −12.0538 | −1.95 | |
| São Paulo | d = 0 | 4.3266 | −1.95 |
| d = 1 | −1.4522 | −1.95 | |
| d = 2 | −7.4511 | −1.95 | |
| Tocantis | d = 0 | 5.9875 | −1.95 |
| d = 1 | 1.1544 | −1.95 | |
| d = 2 | −7.4744 | −1.95 | |
| Brazil | d = 0 | 5.1648 | −1.95 |
| d = 1 | 1.4947 | −1.95 | |
| d = 2 | −5.7441 | −1.95 |
When t-statistic is greater than τ, it indicates that the series has a single root (it is non-stationary). When t-statistic is lower than τ, the series is stationary.