TABLE 4.

The mechanism of action and dose of potential drugs against COVID-19.

Drug	Mechanism of action	Dose
Remdesivir	Inhibition of RNA polymerase	200 mg initial dose after that 100 mg daily (IV) up to 9 days
Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine	Modify the transcription process and signaling pathways	400 mg two times on the first day, then 200 mg two times up to 7 days
Umifenovir	Inhibition of membrane fusion	200 mg three times daily maximum up to10 days
Lopinavir/Ritonavir	Protease inhibitor	400/100 mg two times a day for 14 days
Favipiravir	Inhibits viral replication	1600 mg two times in the first day, then 600 mg two times per day up to 6 days
Oseltamivir	Reduce viral replication	75 mg two times daily up to 5 days
Ribavirin	Nucleoside inhibitor	500 mg two or three times daily along with interferon α or lopinavir/ritonavir maximum up to10 days
Metronidazole	Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor	400 mg two times daily maximum up to 14 days
Baricitinib	Anti-Janus kinase inhibitor	4 mg/day for two weeks
Camostat Mesilate	Block cell entry (Serine protease inhibitor)	200 mg three times daily for 5 days
Darunavir/Cobicistat	Protease inhibitor/inhibitor of cytochrome P450 3A	800 mg/150 mg once daily for 5 days
Thalidomide	Anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenesis, antifibrotic and immune regulation	100 mg for 14 days
Isotretinoin	Down regulator of ACE-2 receptors also PLpro inhibitor	0.5 mg per kg daily for one month
IFN α	Inhibition of viral replication	atomization: 45μg, two times daily for two weeks or 5 million units or equivalent dose, twice daily not more than 10 days
Fingolimod	Immunology modulator	0.5 mg per day orally for 3 days
Ruxolitinib	JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor	10 mg two times a day for 14 days with dose reduction or escalation
Tocilizumab	IL-6 blocker	8 mg/kg