Table 3.
Risk factors of depression, anxiety, and insomnia in the cohort identified by the multivariate analysis.
| Characteristic | Depression |
Anxiety |
Insomnia |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Severe cases/ total cases (%) | OR (95% CI) | p | Severe cases/ total cases (%) | OR (95% CI) | p | Severe cases/ total cases (%) | OR (95% CI) | p | |
| Stage of the COVID-19 epidemic in China | |||||||||
| Remission | 1132/4725(24.0) | 1.22(1.03, 1.44) | 0.02 | 897/4725(19.0) | 1.22(1.02, 1.48) | 0.033 | 452/4725(9.6) | ||
| Outbreak | 280/951(29.4) | 1 | 202/951(21.2) | 1 | 112/951(11.8) | ||||
| Gender | |||||||||
| Females | 337/1626(20.7) | 1.61(1.39, 1.87) | <0.001 | 284/1626(17.5) | 1.35(1.15, 1.57) | <0.001 | 172/1626(10.0) | ||
| Males | 1075/4050(26.5) | 1 | 815/4050(20.1) | 1 | 402/4050(9.9) | ||||
| Age groups | |||||||||
| < 25 years old | 407/1371(29.7) | 2.09(1.66, 2.63) | <0.001 | 296/1371(21.6) | 1.86(1.48, 2.34) | <0.001 | 157/1371(11.5) | 1.58(1.17, 2.14) | 0.003 |
| 25–45 years old | 830/3307(25.1) | 1.94(1.59, 2.37) | <0.001 | 646/3307(19.5) | 1.63(1.33, 2.01) | <0.001 | 307/3307(9.3) | 1.49(1.12, 1.96) | 0.006 |
| > 45 years old | 174/997(17.5) | 1 | 156/997(15.6) | 1 | 100/997(10.0) | 1 | |||
| Dwelling state | |||||||||
| Living alone | 331/983(33.6) | 1.56(1.32, 1.84) | <0.001 | 237/984(24.1) | 1.43(1.20, 1.69) | <0.001 | 156/984(15.9) | 1.87(1.50, 2.32) | <0.001 |
| Living together | 1081/4692(23.0) | 1 | 862/4692(18.4) | 1 | 408/4692(8.7) | 1 | |||
| Having organic diseases | |||||||||
| Yes | 234/634(36.9) | 2.20(1.82, 2.66) | <0.001 | 196/634(30.9) | 2.41(1.97, 2.95) | <0.001 | 137/634(21.6) | 2.33(1.83, 2.95) | <0.001 |
| No | 892/3579(24.9) | 1 | 611/3579(17.1) | 1 | 394/3579(11.0) | 1 | |||
| Marital status | |||||||||
| Unmarried | 538/1767(30.4) | 1.26(1.08, 1.47) | 0.003 | 385/1767(21.8) | 196/1767(11.1) | ||||
| Married | 874/3909(22.4) | 1 | 714/3909(18.3) | 368/3909(9.4) | |||||
| Education level | |||||||||
| Senior highschool or lower | 245/823(29.8) | 195/823(23.7) | 126/823(15.3) | 1.60(1.25, 2.06) | <0.001 | ||||
| College or higher | 1167/4853(24.0) | 904/4853(18.6) | 438/4853(9.0) | 1 | |||||
| Occupation | |||||||||
| Nonhealthcare workers | 736/3460(21.3) | 1.88(1.61, 2.20) | <0.001 | 608/3460(17.6) | 1.77(1.49, 2.10) | <0.001 | 287/3460(8.30 | 1.25(1.00, 1.55) | 0.047 |
| Healthcare workers | 676/2216(30.5) | 1 | 491/2216(22.2) | 1 | 277/2216(12.5) | 1 | |||
| Personal infection | |||||||||
| Confirmed | 42/167(25.10 | 1.19(0.82, 1.73) | 0.357 | 41/161(24.60 | 1.65(1.13, 2.41) | 0.009 | 45/167(26.9) | 1.39(0.87, 2.22) | 0.165 |
| Suspected | 40/101(39.6) | 2.50(1.63, 3.83) | <0.001 | 34/101(33.7) | 2.77(1.79, 4.30) | <0.001 | 49/101(48.5) | 3.11(1.70, 5.69) | <0.001 |
| Quarantine | 92/290(31.7) | 2.02(1.50, 2.71) | <0.001 | 100/290(34.5) | 2.81(2.08, 3.79) | <0.001 | 32/290(11.0) | 1.94(1.28, 2.94) | 0.002 |
| Close contactor | 353/1655(21.3) | 1.50(1.19, 1.89) | 0.001 | 306/1655(18.5) | 1.36(1.05, 1.76) | 0.021 | 79/1655(4.8) | 1.41(1.02, 1.96) | 0.038 |
| No | 885/3463(25.6) | 1 | 618/3463(17.8) | 1 | 359/3463(10.4) | 1 | |||