Table 1.
Demographics, laboratory and physiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 ARDS and CAP-ARDS patients on admission to ICU
| SARS-CoV-2 ARDS (n=111) | CAP-ARDS (n=29) | P value | |
| Demographics | |||
| Age at admission (years) | 56 (47–63) | 55 (41–59) | 0.315* |
| Gender, male (n, %) | 84 (75.7%) | 19 (65.5%) | 0.358† |
| Body mass index | 29 (27–34) | 29 (26–33) | 0.403* |
| Ethnicity | |||
| White | 54 (48.6%) | 22 (75.8%) | 0.012† |
| Asian/Asian British | 34 (30.6%) | 1 (3.4%) | 0.002† |
| Black/African/Caribbean | 9 (8.1%) | 0 (0%) | 0.204† |
| Mixed/multiple | 3 (2.7%) | 1 (3.4%) | 0.999† |
| Other | 10 (9.0%) | 5 (17.2%) | 0.308† |
| Comorbidities | |||
| None | 30 (27.0%) | 10 (34.5%) | 0.490† |
| Hypertension | 44 (39.6%) | 9 (31.0%) | 0.520† |
| Obesity | 55 (49.5%) | 12 (41.4%) | 0.532† |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 6 (5.4%) | 1 (3.4%) | >0.999† |
| Diabetes | 33 (29.7%) | 4 (13.8%) | 0.100† |
| Asthma/COPD | 12 (10.8%) | 4 (13.8%) | 0.743† |
| Stroke/TIA | 3 (2.7%) | 1 (3.4%) | 0.999† |
| Chronic kidney disease | 9 (8.1%) | 1 (3.4%) | 0.688† |
| Cancer | 7 (6.3%) | 3 (10.3%) | 0.432† |
| Severity scoring | |||
| APACHE II | 14 (12–18) | 18 (16–24) | 0.0002* |
| SOFA Score | 8 (7–10) | 12 (9–14) | <0.0001* |
| Murray Lung Injury Score | 2.75 (2.5–3.0) | 2.75 (2.33–3.00) | 0.645* |
| Laboratory parameters on ICU admission | |||
| White cell count (x109/L) | 9.0 (5.9–12.6) | 14.6 (10.6–22.9) | <0.0001* |
| Neutrophils (x109/L) | 6.9 (4.5–10.2) | 12.7 (9.0–21.0) | <0.0001* |
| Lymphocyte (x109/L) | 0.88 (0.57–1.20) | 0.7 (0.5–1.2) | 0.327* |
| Monocytes (x109/L) | 0.43 (0.29–0.65) | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | <0.0001* |
| Eosinophils (x109/L) | 0 (0–0.03) | 0 (0–0.1) | 0.277* |
| CRP (mg/L) | 172 (113–241) | 91 (40–235) | 0.016* |
| Platelets (109/L) | 224 (174–305) | 191 (111–294) | 0.029* |
| Creatinine (µmol/L) | 77 (64–111) | 87 (67–178) | 0.260* |
| Bilirubin (µmol/L) | 12 (9–20) | 18 (8–45) | 0.141* |
| Albumin (g/L) | 27 (24–32) | 31 (27–35) | 0.003* |
| Ventilator parameters on ICU admission | |||
| Ppeak (cmH2O) | 27 (24–30) | 28 (24–30) | 0.578* |
| PEEP (cmH2O) | 10 (8–12) | 8 (6–10) | 0.003* |
| Driving pressure (cmH2O) | 16 (14–19) | 19 (14–22) | 0.178* |
| Tidal volume (mL/ kg) | 5.11 (4.60–5.89) | 5.98 (4.87–6.96) | 0.013* |
| Pulmonary compliance (mL/cmH2O) | 28 (24–34) | 25 (22–34) | 0.471* |
| FiO2 (%) | 70 (60–86) | 80 (60–100) | 0.149* |
| ICU outcomes | |||
| Hospital mortality | 40 (36.0%) | 12 (41.4%) | 0.668† |
| Time to death from ICU admission (days) | 11 (8–18) | 11 (7–17) | 0.874* |
| ICU LoS (days) | 17 (10–24) | 13 (9–24) | 0.344* |
| ARDS (PaO2 / FiO2 ratio kPa) | |||
| Mild (>26.6–40) | 6 (5.4%) | 2 (6.9%) | 0.670† |
| Moderate (>13.3 ≤26.6) | 58 (52.3%) | 15 (51.7%) | 0.999† |
| Severe (≤13.3) | 47 (42.3%) | 12 (41.4%) | 0.999† |
| Day 1 PaO2 / FiO2 ratio (kPa) | 15 (12–17) | 15 (11–17) | 0.895* |
| Duration of mechanical ventilation (days) | 15 (9–20) | 9 (3–17) | 0.012* |
| Maximum norepinephrine dose on day 1 of ICU admission (µg/kg/min) | 0.067 (0.015–0.120) | 0.490 (0–0.623) | 0.016* |
| Need for RRT | 46 (41.4%) | 11 (37.9%) | 0.833† |
| Need for tracheostomy | 55 (49.5%) | 16 (55.2%) | 0.678† |
Data are n (%) or median (IQR). Tidal volume calculated using predicted body weight.
*Represents p-values from a Mann-Whitney U test.
†Represents p-values from a Fisher’s exact test.
APACHE II, Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation II; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; CAP, community-acquired pneumonia; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FiO2, fraction of inspired oxygen; ICU, intensive care unit; LoS, length of stay; PaO2, partial pressure of oxygen; PEEP, positive end-expiratory pressure; RRT, renal replacement therapy; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.