Table 4.

Representative studies in which MSC-derived exosomes affect tumors through miRNAs

Exosome origin	Disease	MiRNA	Downstream molecular/pathway(s)	Outcome
BM-MSCs	Osteosarcoma	MiR-208a	Downregulation of PDCD4 and activation of the ERK1/2 pathway	Promoting tumor progression[119]
BM-MSCs	Multiple myeloma	MiR-146a	The Notch pathway	Promoting tumor progression[121]
BM-MSCs	Colon cancer	MiR-142-3p	Downregulation of Numb	Promoting tumor progression
BM-MSCs	Breast cancer	MiR-23b	Decreased MARCKS expression	Inhibiting tumor progression[128]
MiR-122-transfected AMSCs	HCC	MiR-122	without research	Inhibiting tumor progression[129]
BM-MSCs	Prostate cancer	MiR-143	TFF3	Inhibiting tumor progression[70]
MSCs	Breast cancer	MiR-100	VEGF	Inhibiting tumor progression[166]

BM-MSCs: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells; AMSCs: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells; MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; TFF3: Trefoil factor 3; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor.