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. 2020 Nov 30;10:20836. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-77945-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(A, B) Bar charts showing median, 75th percentile, and statistical significance of IgM memory B cells (A) and pitted red cell (PRC; B) count of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vs healthy volunteers (HV), splenectomised patients, and patients with spleen hypofunction. The dashed lines indicate the lower normal value of IgM memory B cells (26/µl) and the upper limit of normal of PRC count (4%), respectively. (A) *^#$p < 0.01; (B) *^#p < 0.01. (C, D) Spearman’s correlation coefficient between pitted red cell (PRC) count (%) and IgM memory B cells (n/µ) in COVID-19 patients (C) compared to hyposplenic (circles) and asplenic (triangles) patients (D). In the COVID-19 group, three patients with IgM memory B cell count greater than 100/µl were removed (outliers).