A–E The antitumor efficacy of inactive ZD55-IL-24 in B16-bearing immunocompetent mouse model. C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with B16 tumors and treated with PBS, ZD55-IL-24, or inactive ZD55-IL-24 as indicated in Fig. 4A. A In vivo tumor growth curves. B Photograph of tumors resected from the sacrificed mice at the end of the experiment. C Weight of tumors resected from the sacrificed mice at the end of the experiment. D Overall survival. E Body weight changes of the mice monitored during the therapy period. UV ultraviolet, HTHP high temperature and high pressure, E eradication, D death. Data represent results from one of two independent experiments with n = 10 per group, mean ± SEM is shown. F Western blot analysis of E1A expression in B16 and A375 cells infected with ZD55-IL-24 at a series of MOI (PFU/cell) as indicated. Shown is one of three independent experiments. G–I Flow-cytometric analysis of MHC molecules on the surface of B16 cells infected with ZD55-IL-24 at a MOI (PFU/cell) of 0, 1, and 100. G Representative flow cytometry plots of surface MHC I. H Representative flow cytometry plots of surface MHC II. I MFI in G and H. J–L Flow-cytometric analysis of costimulatory molecules on the surface of B16 cells infected with ZD55-IL-24 at a MOI (PFU/cell) of 0, 1, and 100. J Representative flow cytometry plots of surface CD80. K Representative flow cytometry plots of surface CD86. L MFI in J and K, mean ± SEM is shown. Data represent cumulative results from three independent experiments. M Cytotoxicity analysis of PBMCs obtained from ZD55-IL-24-treated mice bearing no tumors to ZD55-IL-24-treated B16 cells in vitro. B16 cells were treated with PBS or 100 MOI (PFU/cell) ZD55-IL-24, and then cocultured with the PBMCs obtained from PBS or ZD55-IL-24-treated mice (C57BL/6 mice without receiving tumor inoculation) at the effector:target ratio of 100:1 to assess the in vitro cytotoxicity. P/P PBS-treated B16 cells cocultured with PBMCs from PBS-treated mice, P/Z PBS-treated B16 cells cocultured with PBMCs from ZD55-IL-24-treated mice, Z/P ZD55-IL-24-treated B16 cells cocultured with PBMCs from PBS-treated mice, Z/Z ZD55-IL-24-treated B16 cells cocultured with PBMCs from ZD55-IL-24-treated mice, mean ± SEM is shown. Data represent cumulative results from three independent experiments.