Table 3.

Effect of Ramadan fasting on blood pressure and lipid profile.^a

Variables	No.	Before Ramadan	After Ramadan	Changes	95% CI difference	P value
SBP (mm Hg)	120	132.3 ± 8.6	123.8 ± 8.2	7.5 ± 7.2 (−)	5.3 to 9.7	0.001
Male	60	134.5 ± 6.7	127.3 ± 6.5	7.3 ± 6.1 (−)	4.6 to 9.9	0.001
Female	60	130 ± 9.8	122.3 ± 9.09	7.3 ± 8.3 (−)	4.06 to 11.4	0.001
DBP (mm Hg)	120	83.4 ± 6.07	76 ± 6.4	7.4 ± 6.5 (−)	5.4 to 9.4	0.001
Male	60	84.3 ± 7.1	77.8 ± 6	6.5 ± 6.4 (−)	3.6 to 9.3	0.001
Female	60	82.5 ± 4.8	74.1 ± 6.3	8.4 ± 6.5 (−)	5.8 to 11.3	0.001
TC (mg/dL)	120	184.2 ± 49.14	181.06 ± 35.6	3.1 ± 30.3 (−)	−6.1 to 12.3	0.499
Male	60	189.6 ± 56.7	186.9 ± 34.7	2.8 ± 38.4 (−)	−14.3 to 19.8	0.721
Female	60	178.7 ± 40.8	175.3 ± 36.2	3.5 ± 20.2 (−)	−5.5 to 12.4	0.445
TG (mg/dL)	120	190.8 ± 74.9	145.3 ± 38.5	45.5 ± 56.1 (−)	28.4 to 62.6	0.001
Male	60	200.5 ± 81.4	152.3 ± 46.4	48.2 ± 60.8 (−)	21.2 to 75.1	0.001
Female	60	181.05 ± 68.4	136.2 ± 27.8	42.8 ± 52.4 (−)	19.6 to 66.03	0.001
HDL-C (mg/dL)	120	35.09 ± 14.5	35.3 ± 11.05	0.3 ± 11.7 (+)	−3.8 to 3.3	0.888
Male	60	32.7 ± 10.5	33.04 ± 6.4	0.3 ± 9.07 (+)	−4.3 to 3.4	0.901
Female	60	37.5 ± 17.6	37.6 ± 14.07	0.2 ± 14.1 (+)	−6.4 to 6.07	0.123
LDL-C (mg/dL)	120	138.2 ± 54.9	139.3 ± 31.4	1.1 ± 39.2 (+)	−13.02 to 10.8	0.851
Male	60	140.7 ± 66.4	144.1 ± 32.3	3.5 ± 51.5 (+)	−26.3 to 19.4	0.821
Female	60	135.7 ± 41.7	134.5 ± 30.4	1.2 ± 22 (−)	−8.5 to 11	0.835

CI: confidence interval; (+): increase; (−): decrease; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

The values are expressed as mean ± SD.

^aThe paired sample t test was used for normally distributed data.

A P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.