Table 2.
The Role of FPRs (Fprs) in the Progression of DT Cancer.
| DT cancer | FPRs | Biological function | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|
| OSCC | FPRs | The agonist LL-37 might act as a tumor suppressor, and with its
derivatives inhibit OSCC cell growth by inducing cell
death ANXA1 was implicated as a tumor suppressor in OSCC |
31,32 33-36 |
| EC | FPRs | ANXA 1 expression has a significant correlation to the status of ESCC differentiation | 38 |
| FPRs | No clear information about FPRs in the pathogenesis of EAC | 39,40 | |
| GC | FPR1 | In vitro, FPR1 suppresses GC cell growth | 45-47 |
| Higher FPR1 expression is associated with poor clinical results in patients | 48 | ||
| Up-regulated ANXA1 expression is involved in cancer invasion and lymph node metastasis and were implicated in poor prognosis of patients | 49,50 | ||
| FPR2 | Promotes the invasion and metastasis of GC cells and predicts
the poor prognosis of patients Hp(2-20) promotes migration and proliferation of gastric epithelial cells by interacting with FPR2 in vitro |
51 44 |
|
| LL-37 contributes to the balance between host mucosal defense and H. pylori viability that governs chronic infection | 56-58 | ||
| HCC | FPR1 | Participates in the inflammatory courses in the liver and the progression of HCC | 63-66 |
| PC | FPRs | ANXA1 participates in many pathophysiological processes in PC cells, over-expressed in PC tissues from patients and contributes to the malignant phenotype of PC cells and their metastatic potential through FPR-independent pathways. | 68-71 |
| CRC | FPR1 | A risk factor in the prognosis of CRC | 74 |
| FPR2 | Supports the malignant transformation of colon epithelial cells | 74-76 | |
| Fpr2 | Protects normal colon mucosa from inflammation and carcinogenesis in mice | 77 | |
| FPR2 (Fpr2) | The agonists LL-37/CRAMP directly inhibit tumorigenesis in the colon and maintains colon microbiota balance | 78-84 |
Abbreviations: DT: digestive tract; FPRs (Fprs in mice), formyl peptide receptors; OSCC, oral squamous cell carcinoma; EC, esophageal cancer; ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; EAC, esophageal adenocarcinoma; GI, gastrointestinal; ANXA1, annexin 1; GC, gastric cancer; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; PC, pancreatic carcinoma; CRC, colorectal cancer.