Table 5.
Sensitivity and Specificity of Antibiotic Use Reporting by Country and Caregiver Type, Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project—Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan, 2016–2019
| Variable | TPa | FNb | TNc | FPd | Sensitivity, % (95% CI) | Specificity, % (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 781 | 342 | 1280 | 478 | 70.2 (57.9–80.2) | 72.6 (66.1–79.1) |
| Country | ||||||
| Bangladesh | 288 | 74 | 485 | 124 | 75.2 (59.2–86.4) | 80.5 (74.2–86.7) |
| Nepal | 204 | 56 | 509 | 213 | 78.9 (64.5–88.5) | 69.2 (61.3–77.0) |
| Pakistan | 289 | 212 | 286 | 141 | 56.6 (40.0–71.8) | 67.1 (58.5–75.6) |
| Respondent typee | ||||||
| Self | 279 | 152 | 435 | 161 | 67.4 (51.9–79.8) | 69.5 (59.5–79.5) |
| Parent or guardian | 454 | 166 | 770 | 279 | 72.3 (58.6–82.8) | 74.8 (67.0–82.7) |
| Other relative | 47 | 24 | 71 | 38 | 70.3 (52.0–83.7) | 68.6 (56.7–80.5) |
| Age, y | ||||||
| <2 | 35 | 20 | 42 | 31 | 62.3 (42.0–79.0) | 51.8 (36.3–67.2) |
| 2–4 | 161 | 56 | 248 | 100 | 74.9 (60.8–85.2) | 67.7 (57.5–77.8) |
| 5–15 | 284 | 101 | 507 | 174 | 75.8 (62.9–85.2) | 72.4 (63.8–80.9) |
| 16–25 | 85 | 46 | 187 | 63 | 65.6 (49.0–79.0) | 77.8 (69.2–86.5) |
| >25 | 216 | 119 | 296 | 110 | 62.7 (47.5–75.8) | 77.7 (69.7–85.7) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; FN, false negative; FP, false positive; TN, true negative; TP, true positive.
aTrue positive: Number of patients who reported antibiotic use and had antibiotics detected in their urine.
bFalse negative: Number of patients who did not report antibiotic use who did have antibiotics detected in their urine.
cTrue negative: Number of patients not reporting antibiotic use who did not have antibiotics detected in their urine.
dFalse positive: Number of patients who reported antibiotic use who did not have antibiotics detected in their urine.
eAdjusted for age.