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. 2020 Nov 4;120(22):12357–12489. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00451

Table 8. Overview of Nanosensors Based on Polymeric Particles.

class material comment ref
hydrophilic polymers polyacrylamide, various fluorescein derivatives ratiometric, leaching (427)
polyacrylamide, HPTS two photon excitation (759)
polyacrylamide, fluorescein, rhodamine B ratiometric, less leaching (616)
polyacrylamide, hyaluronic acid on surface improved endocytosis (760)
polyacrylamide, fluorescein, Oregon green, rhodamine extended dynamic range (761)
polyacrylamide, pH indicators oregon green, oregon green 488 and fluorescein, pH-insensitive reference fluorophore Alexa 568 analytical range from pH 1.4 to 7.0; spontaneously internalized by HeLa cells, localize at the lysosomes (762)
polyacrylamide, oregon green fluorescein, rhodamine B extended dynamic range (763766)
hydrogel, fluorescein, magnetic particles miniemulsion solvent evaporation method, magnetic (767)
polyurethane, bromothymol blue, Nile red, coumarin 6 FRET-based (768)
Eudragit RL-100, 1,4-diketopyrrolo-[3,4-c]-pyrroles, Macrolex yellow ratiometric, imaging (511)
Eudragit RL-100, perylene bisimide FLIM (482)
Eudragit RL-100, triangulenium dyes homo-FRET, FLIM (524)
hyperbranched polymer composed of polylactide and PEG, 2 naphthalimide dyes accumulate in acidic organelles, imaging (769)
hydrophobic polymers amino modified cross-linked polystyrene, FITC, diphenylanthracene ratiometric (405)
amino modified cross-linked polystyrene, fluorescein 2 μm particles, yet cellular uptake (415)
methyl methacrylate, 2-aminoethyl methacrylate copolymer, 1,8-naphthalimide, fluorescein FRET-based, localized in the lysosomes (770)
polyacrylonitrile, fluorescein, Ru(dpp) DLR-based, Ru dye temperature sensitive (126)
PVC, chromoionophore I absorptiometric and fluorometric (771)
poly(phenylene-1,4-ethynylene), fluorescein semiconductor polymer dots, FRET-based (620)
core–shell nanoparticles polystyrene core, poly(acrylic acid) shell, naphthalene diimide conjugated to rapid cell-penetrating peptides (HIV-1 TAT) to increase cell-penetration (772)
poly(N,N-dimethylaminopropylacrylamide) core, poly(acrylamide) shell, naphthalimide, rhodamine ratiometric (773)
polyaniline shell, polystyrene core, dye pH-dep. polyaniline absorption modulates fluorescence of dye (644)
poly(styrene-block-vinylpyrrolidone), fluorescein derivatives and HPTS selective staining of core/shell via swelling method (382, 390)
poly(styrene-block-vinylpyrrolidone), porphyrin, aza-BODIPY simultaneous measurement of oxygen and pH, DLR-based (703)
poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) shell, polystyrene core, 1,8-naphthalimide, ref dye ratiometric (774)
hollow polymer microcapsules filled with SNARF-1-dextran-conjugates cellular uptake (775)
poly(2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl phosphorylcholine-block-2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate), Nile blue-based dyes rapid cellular uptake, absorptiometric (776)
copolymer of poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(methacrylic acid), 1,8-naphthalimide, rhodamine FRET-based (777)
triblock copolymer, coumarin, Oregon green 488, 2′,7′-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6) carboxyfluorescein, Alexa 633 ratiometric (778)
micelles from poly(vinylpyridine) and poly(vinylphenol) containing polymers, fluorescein, tris(dibenzoylmethanato)europium(III) cellular uptake (779)
copolymer from poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) with positively charged ammonium groups on the surface; fluorescein, PtTFPP dual nanoprobe, intracellular imaging (780)
via coprecipitation from polystyrene amino-terminated polystyrene, poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) and poly-l-lysine; FITC, PtTFPP ratiometric, intracellular imaging (781)
liposomes, micelles and emulsions polypeptide micelles, fluorescein and N-(rhodamine B) lactam complex pH response, FRET, self-quenching involved (782)
nanoemulsions from perfluoropolyethers, Pluronic F68, polyethylenimine, cyanine dyes also possible 19F MRI application (783)
liposomes from dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, dihexadecyl phosphate, fluorescein no leaching (784)
phospholipid coated polystyrene particles, fluorescein, tetramethylrhodamine micrometer-sized (785)
cellulose and dextran cellulose nanocrystals, fluorescein, Oregon green, rhodamine two labeling strategies investigated (411)
cellulose nanocrystals, fluorescein spacer used to prevent quenching (786)
aminocellulose particles, fluorescein isothiocyanate, Ru(dpp)-PAN in bulk optodes, imaging (145, 425, 49, 127)
dextran-propionate, fluorescein, sulforhodamine B nontoxic, incorporated into cells without any additional agent (439, 787, 788)