Figure 1.

Human ESC and hiPSC therapy. A, (a) A single cell line matched to a specific patient's HLA type is selected among many hESC and hiPSC lines, which will be utilized for cell therapy in a specific patient. (b) Patient cells are collected and reprogrammed into patient‐specific hiPSCs, which will be utilized for cell therapy in a specific patient. (c) A few lines of hypoimmunogenic or universal hESCs and hiPSCs are stored, which will be utilized for cell therapy in any patient. B, Overview of stem cell therapy using universal hESCs and hiPSCs. Wild‐type hESCs and hiPSCs are prepared to be hypoimmunogenic or universal hESCs and hiPSCs by knocking out certain HLA genes and/or knocking in immune‐related genes. Then, universal hESCs and hiPSCs are differentiated into specific cell types and subsequently used for cell therapy to treat patients