Figure 1.

Preimplantation embryo development rates in cycles using ejaculated spermatozoa (EJACULATE cycle) and testicular sperm cells (TESA cycle). Significantly higher fertilization, blastocyst, and good-quality blastocyst rates were obtained in the TESA-cycle group compared with the EJACULATE-cycle group. Significant differences between EJACULATE-cycle and TESA-cycle groups are highlighted with an asterisk (*) with paired Student‘s t-test/a pound (#) with Wilcoxon signed-rank test, P< 0.05. Error bars represent the standard deviation.