Table 3.
Variables Associated with Day-28 Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 (n = 38)
| Variables | Unadjusted Analysis |
Adjusted Analysis* |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alive (n = 25) | Dead (n = 13) | P Value | Alive (n = 25) | Dead (n = 13) | P Value | |
| Clinical features (categorical variables) | n (%) | n (%) | Adjusted Odds Ratios (95% CI) |
|||
| Diabetes | 4 (16) | 8 (61) | 0.009 | 4.10 (0.67–25.00) |
0.126 | |
| COPD | 1 (4) | 4 (31) | 0.038 | 1.41 (0.09–21.49) |
0.805 | |
| Chronic heart failure | 1 (4) | 5 (38) | 0.012 | 13.12 (0.41–424.00) |
0.147 | |
| Clinical and general laboratory features (continuous variables) | Mean (±SD) | Mean (±SD) | Adjusted Mean (±SE) | Adjusted Mean (±SE) | ||
| Age, yr | 57.04 (±12.43) | 68.15 (±10.37) | 0.007 | 56.93 (±2.53) | 68.36 (±3.55) | 0.017 |
| SOFA | 7.0 (±2.8) | 9.8 (±2.6) | 0.017 | 7.1 (±0.6) | 9.9 (±0.8) | 0.013 |
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio, mm Hg | 121.2 (±58.6) | 361.3 (±761.0) | 0.036 | 128.8 (±101.1) | 356.0 (±145.2) | 0.243 |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 85.6 (±34.6) | 210.4 (±287.4) | 0.093 | 94.6 (±38.3) | 191.3 (±55.0) | 0.191 |
| Serum cytokine concentrations† | ||||||
| IL-6, pg/ml (log) | 4.9 (±1.0) | 5.5 (±0.7) | 0.070 | 5.0 (±0.2) | 5. 6 (±0.3) | 0.168 |
| IL-10, pg/ml | 397.1 (±133.1) | 503.7 (±116.5) | 0.013 | 400. 0 (±29.9) | 502.2 (±46.0) | 0.093 |
| CXCL10/IP-10, pg/ml | 1,563.3 (±878.9) | 2,542.2 (±1,025.4) | 0.017 | 1,613.3 (±213.9) | 2,487.2 (±329.9) | 0.047 |
| GM-CSF, pg/ml | 179.1 (±60.6) | 232.8 (±52.9) | 0.005 | 179.1 (±13.6) | 234.2 (±21.0) | 0.050 |
| CCL19/MIP-3b, pg/ml (log) | 4.7 (±0.6) | 5.2 (±0.9) | 0.065 | 4.8 (±0.1) | 5.1 (±0.2) | 0.381 |
| CCL20/MIP-3a, pg/ml (log) | 2.0 (±0. 9) | 2.7 (±1.1) | 0.076 | 2.1 (±0.2) | 2.4 (±0.3) | 0.429 |
| EGF, pg/ml | 479.4 (±221.6) | 336.6 (±129.0) | 0.033 | 477.6 (±44.4) | 363.7 (±68.5) | 0.204 |
| CX3CL1/fractalkine, pg/ml (log) | 6.8 (±0.4) | 7.1 (±0.5) | 0.028 | 6.9 (±0.1) | 7.0 (±0.2) | 0.384 |
| Other laboratory features | ||||||
| qRT-PCR viral load‡, cycle threshold | 31.68 (±4.70) | 25.27 (±5.23) | 0.002 | 31.31 (±1.09) | 25.71 (±1.56) | 0.010 |
Definition of abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COVID-19 = coronavirus disease; SOFA = Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.
Bold results are statistically significant at the P < 0.05 level.
*
Results from linear regression modeling adjusting for age and SOFA score.
†
Missing data: n = 3.
‡
Obtained from nasopharyngeal swabs.