Table 4.
Hemodynamic and Body Composition Variables
| Group x Time | Time | Group | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Group | Week 2 | Week 10 | ES | 95% CI | (p) | (p) | (p) |
| Heart Rate (beats/min) |
Whey Rice |
63.7 ± 8.1 58.0 ± 9.6 |
63.8 ± 9.0 59.0 ± 10.2 |
0.10 | (−7.2, 5.4) | 0.77 | 0.73 | 0.15 |
|
Systolic BP (mm Hg) |
Whey Rice |
124.9 ± 10.7 125.4 ± 5.9 |
120.5 ± 10.3 125.1 ± 6.3 |
0.48 | (−10.0, 1.8) | 0.16 | 0.11 | 0.44 |
|
Diastolic BP (mm Hg) |
Whey Rice |
69.1 ± 8.6 68.1 ± 8.7 |
69.8 ± 9.0 66.2 ± 8.8 |
0.29 | (− 1.8, 7.0) | 0.23 | 0.56 | 0.51 |
|
Body Mass (kg) |
Whey Rice |
87.0 ± 8.7 89.2 ± 8.1 |
88.2 ± 9.1† 89.7 ± 7.8 |
− 0.07 | (− 0.88, 2.03) | 0.42 | 0.02 | 0.59 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) |
Whey Rice |
27.2 ± 1.9 27.8 ± 1.9 |
27.5 ± 1.9† 27.9 ± 1.8 |
− 0.08 | (− 0.34, 0.65) | 0.51 | 0.07 | 0.51 |
| Total Body Water (L) |
Whey Rice |
49.7 ± 4.5 50.4 ± 4.2 |
50.5 ± 4.1† 51.7 ± 4.4† |
0.12 | (−2.16, 1.11) | 0.51 | 0.01 | 0.61 |
| DXA Bone Content (kg) |
Whey Rice |
3.05 ± 0.40 3.13 ± 0.30 |
3.08 ± 0.38 3.10 ± 0.28 |
0.20 | (0.01, 0.12) | 0.02 | 0.91 | 0.70 |
| DXA Lean Mass (kg) |
Whey Rice |
63.4 ± 5.3 64.7 ± 6.3 |
64.5 ± 5.7† 65.3 ± 6.2† |
− 0.10 | (− 0.73, 1.91) | 0.37 | 0.01 | 0.60 |
| DXA Fat Mass (kg) |
Whey Rice |
17.3 ± 4.9 18.4 ± 3.7 |
17.5 ± 4.7 18.4 ± 3.4 |
− 0.06 | (− 0.48, 1.02) | 0.46 | 0.60 | 0.54 |
| DXA Fat-Free Mass (kg) |
Whey Rice |
65.9 ± 5.6 67.2 ± 6.6 |
67.0 ± 5.8† 67.8 ± 6.5† |
−0.11 | (− 0.68, 1.99) | 0.32 | 0.01 | 0.60 |
| DXA Body Fat (%) |
Whey Rice |
20.6 ± 4.2 21.5 ± 3.8 |
20.5 ± 3.9 21.4 ± 3.8 |
0.01 | (− 0.63, 0.71) | 0.90 | 0.49 | 0.58 |
|
Dry Lean Mass (kg) |
Whey Rice |
16.7 ± 2.1 17.6 ± 3.9 |
17.1 ± 2.5 16.9 ± 3.7 |
− 0.35 | (− 0.46, 2.69) | 0.16 | 0.72 | 0.78 |
† = Significant change (p < 0.05) within each group from each group’s respective baseline; Time Main effect for time; p probability level of making Type I error; 95% CI 95% confidence intervals were computed on the observed changes from baseline between groups; ES Effect size calculated as ([Week 10 Rice Protein – Week 2 Rice Protein] – [Week 10 Whey Protein – Week 2 Whey Protein]) / Pooled SD. DXA Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry