Table 1.
Patient characteristics.
| Characteristics | Training cohort(N = 88), % | Validation cohort(N = 58), % | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age†, years | 65 (59–71) | 67 (59–72) | 0.387 |
| Sex | 0.903 | ||
| F | 34 (38.6) | 21 (36.2) | |
| M | 54 (61.4) | 37 (63.8) | |
| ADL | 0.593 | ||
| Grade 1 | 18 (20.5) | 9 (15.5) | |
| > Grade 1 | 70 (79.5) | 49 (84.5) | |
| Weight loss | 0.874 | ||
| Yes | 34 (38.6) | 24 (41.4) | |
| No | 54 (61.4) | 34 (58.6) | |
| Jaundice | 0.746 | ||
| Yes | 37 (42.0) | 22 (37.9) | |
| No | 51 (58.0) | 36 (62.1) | |
| Pain | 0.567 | ||
| Yes | 54 (61.4) | 32 (55.2) | |
| No | 34 (38.6) | 26 (44.8) | |
| Pancreatitis | 0.819 | ||
| Yes | 26 (29.5) | 19 (32.8) | |
| No | 62 (70.5) | 39 (67.2) | |
| CA 19–9†, U/mL | 890.5(23–1718.1) | 858.5(29–1450.8) | 0.885 |
| Clinical T stage | 0.659 | ||
| T1c | 16 (18.2) | 9 (15.5) | |
| T2 | 61 (69.3) | 44 (75.9) | |
| T3 | 11 (12.5) | 5 (8.62) | |
| Tumor size on CT†, cm | 2.80 (2.20–3.60) | 2.75 (2.30–3.40) | 0.946 |
| Length of tumor-vein contact on CT†, cm | 2.04 (1.59–2.54) | 1.79 (1.08–2.43) | 0.099 |
| Tumor differentiation | 0.453 | ||
| Poor | 3 (3.41) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Moderate | 51 (58.0) | 36 (62.1) | |
| Well | 34 (38.6) | 22 (37.9) | |
| Operation | 0.898 | ||
| Standard PD | 68 (77.3) | 46 (79.3) | |
| Extend PD | 5 (5.68) | 2 (3.45) | |
| Palliative Surgery | 15 (17.0) | 10 (17.2) | |
| Surgical PV-SMV invasion | 0.683 | ||
| Yes | 33 (37.5) | 19 (32.8) | |
| No | 55 (62.5) | 39 (67.2) |
ADL, activities of daily living; CA 19–9, carbohydrate antigen 19–9; PV-SMV, portal vein-superior mesenteric vein; PD, pancreaticoduodenectomy. †Values are median (IQR).