Table 1a.
Studies included in the analysis
| Study | Participants, gender (n), age (mean ± SD in years) | Group and content of instructions | Task and results (mean ± SD in cm) | Study design |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abdollahipour et al. (2016) | University students: men (n=8) and women (n=16), age=25.0±3.3 | EF: “concentrate on the ceiling” IF: “concentrate on your fingers” C: no focus instructions | VJ (jump height): EF=30.93±41.01* IF=30.09±42.43* C=30.23±42.77* | WS; the order of conditions was counterbalanced |
| Asadi et al. (2019) (Group 1) | Undergraduate male students, low- skilled jumpers (n=15), mean age=23±4 | EF: “try to jump to the red cone” IF: “focus on extending your knees as rapidly as possible” C: “jump to the best of your ability” SC (self-control): “focus on the measurement lines on the jump mat and pick a line in front of them” | SLJ (jump distance): EF=208.86±21.61* IF=196.26±23.94* C=204.17±21.63 SC=210.51±21.77 | WS; the order of attentional conditions was counterbalanced |
| Asadi et al. (2019) (Group 2) | Undergraduate male students, skilled jumpers (n=15), mean age=23±4 | EF: “try to jump to the red cone” IF: “focus on extending your knees as rapidly as possible” C: “jump to the best of your ability” SC (self-control): “focus on the measurement lines on the jump mat and pick a line in front of them” | SLJ (jump distance): EF=247.24±14.67* IF=235.48±15.04* C=238.53±12.76 SC=245.06±12.21 | WS; the order of attentional conditions was counterbalanced |
| Becker et al. (2018) | University students who without the experience of the SLJ, men (n=11) and women (n=18), age=18-30 | EF: “focus on jumping as close to the cone as you can” IF: “focus on extending your legs as quickly as you can” | SLJ (jump distance): EF=177.55±38.65* IF=169.50±39.96* | WS; the order of attentional conditions was counterbalanced |
| Coker (2016) | Hockey female players (n=21); age = 19.3±1.5 | EF-f (far): focus on jumping as close as possible to a cone (at a distance of 3 m) EF-a (attainable): focus on jumping as far as possible past a cone placed (at the maximum distance achieved on a given player last SLJ) IF: focus on extending the knees as rapidly as possible C: “perform the SLJ as you normally would when tested” | SLJ (jump distance): EF-f=159.62±18.3* EF-a=163.93±18.15 IF=154.71±15.78* C=157.71±16.32* | WS; randomized, counterbalanced |
| Comyns et al. (2019) | Recreationally trained collegiate males (n=17), age=24.4±4.9 | EF: “imagine the ground is a hot surface, get off the ground as quickly as possible … focus on jumping to the roof” [partial quotation] IF: “explosively extend your ankles, knees, and hips as rapidly as possible to jump high” C: ”perform the jump to the best of your ability” | DJ (jump height): EF=27.9±6.4* IF=27.5±5.3* C=27.3±6.4* | WS; randomized, counterbalanced |
| Ducharme et al. (2016) | Untrained university students: men (n=10) and women (n=11), age=21.3±1.7 | EF: “think about jumping as close to the green target as possible” IF: “think about extending your knees as rapidly as possible” C: “jump as far as you can” | SLJ (jump distance): EF=172.3±48.4* IF=156.5±52.3* C=158.2±48.9 | WS; the order of attentional conditions was counterbalanced |
*-used in meta-analysis, VJ-vertical jump, DJ-drop jump, SLJ-standing long jump, WS-within-subjects design