Table 2. Seropositivity for SARS-CoV-2 among healthcare, first response, and public safety personnel, by work location, occupation, and PPE use, Detroit metropolitan area, Michigan, USA, May–June 2020*.
| Characteristic | No. (%) | % Seropositive (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Work location | |||
| Hospital emergency department | 3,614 (22.0) | 8.1 (7.2–9.0) | |
| Hospital ward | 4,766 (29.1) | 8.8 (8.0–9.7) | |
| Hospital intensive care unit | 3,973 (24.2) | 6.1 (5.3–6.9) | |
| Hospital operating room/surgical | 2,661 (16.2) | 4.5 (3.7–5.3) | |
| Other hospital location | 3,260 (19.9) | 6.1 (5.3–7.0) | |
| Emergency medical services | 550 (3.4) | 5.3 (3.6–7.5) | |
| Fire services | 1,008 (6.2) | 5.0 (3.7–6.5) | |
| Police department |
615 (3.8) |
3.9 (2.5–5.8) |
|
| Occupation | |||
| Administration/clerk | 964 (5.9) | 8.0 (6.4–9.9) | |
| Clinical technician† | 365 (2.2) | 5.5 (3.4–8.3) | |
| EMT/medical first responder/paramedic‡ | 1,158 (7.1) | 5.2 (4.0–6.6) | |
| Firefighter§ | 330 (2.0) | 6.7 (4.2–9.9) | |
| Imaging technician | 719 (4.4) | 4.2 (2.8–5.9) | |
| Laboratory technician | 293 (1.8) | 3.4 (1.7– 6.2) | |
| Midlevel clinician | 566 (3.5) | 4.6 (3.0–6.7) | |
| Nurse | 6,426 (39.2) | 7.7 (7.1–8.4) | |
| Nurse assistant | 641 (3.9) | 12.8 (10.3–15.6) | |
| Other¶ | 688 (4.2) | 6.8 (5.1–9.0) | |
| Other health# | 200 (4.6) | 7.5 (4.3–12.1) | |
| Pharmacist | 321 (2.0) | 4.4 (2.4–7.2) | |
| Physical therapist | 235 (1.4) | 10.6 (7.0–15.3) | |
| Physician | 2,297 (14.0) | 6.1 (5.1–7.1) | |
| Police/corrections officer | 785 (4.8) | 4.0 (2.7–5.6) | |
| Respiratory therapist |
409 (2.5) |
8.3 (5.8–11.4) |
|
| PPE | |||
| Gown use all the time | 9,316 (56.8) | 6.9 (6.4–7.5) | |
| Glove use all the time | 11,887 (72.5) | 7.0 (6.5–7.5) | |
| N95 respirator use all the time | 7,316 (44.6) | 6.9 (6.3–7.5) | |
| PAPR use all the time | 695 (4.2) | 7.6 (5.8–9.9) | |
| Goggles/face shield all the time | 6,581 (40.1) | 6.5 (5.9–7.1) | |
| Surgical facemask all the time | 9,452 (57.6) | 6.6 (6.1–7.1) |
|
*Work location categories are not mutually exclusive: 17.2% of participants reported >1 workplace. EMT, emergency medical technician; PAPR, powered air purifying respirator; PPE, personal protective equipment; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. †Includes dialysis, telemetry, cardiovascular, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), respiratory, emergency/critical care, anesthesia, endoscopy, orthopedic, surgical, neurodiagnostic, urology, audiology, and radiation technicians. ‡Includes firefighter/medical first responder. §Includes fire inspector and fire marshal. ¶Includes dietary staff, environmental staff, social worker/chaplain, maintenance staff, supervisor. #Includes dentist, medical examiner, orderly, phlebotomist, therapy aide, trainee.