Table. Sampled bird species, ticks, and Rickettsia PCR positivity, Italy, 2016–2017*.
| Year, bird species | No. birds | Tick species found | No. pathogen-positive ticks/no. tested ticks |
Rickettsia
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R. aeschlimanni | R. africae | R. raoultii | ||||
| 2016 | ||||||
| Barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) | 18 | NA | NA | |||
| Blackbird (Turdus merula) | 1 | Ixodes ventalloi | 0/1 | |||
| Black redstart (Phoenicuros ochruros) | 29 | I. ventalloi | 0/2 | |||
| Hyalomma sp. | 1/3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Eurasian blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla) | 1 | NA | NA | |||
| European robin (Erithacus rubecula) | 22 | I. frontalis | 0/1 | |||
| Garden warbler (Sylvia borin) | 83 | NA | NA | |||
| Icterine warbler (Hippolais icterina) | 19 | Hyalomma sp. | 1/2 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Northern weathear (Oenanthe oenanthe) | 1 | Hyalomma sp. | 1/1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) | 21 | Hyalomma sp. | 1/5 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Redstart (Phoenicuros phoenicuro) | 14 | Hyalomma sp. | 7/9 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
| Spotted flycatcher (Muscicapa striata) | 25 | NA | NA | |||
| Subalpine warbler (Sylvia cantillas) | 1 | I. frontalis | 0/1 | |||
| Tree pipit (Anthus trivialis) | 1 | Hyalomma sp. | 1/2 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Whinchat (Saxicola rubetra) | 38 | I. frontalis | 0/1 | |||
| Hyalomma sp. | 4/13 | 4 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Whitethroat (Sylvia communis) | 92 | Ixodes sp. | 0/1 | |||
| Hyalomma sp. | 10/24 | 9 | 0 | 1 | ||
| Willow warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus) | 1 | NA | NA | |||
| Wood warbler (Phylloscopus sibilatrix) |
1 |
Hyalomma sp. |
0/3 |
|
|
|
| 2017 | ||||||
| Barn swallow (H.o rustica) | 20 | Hyalomma sp. | 0/1 | |||
| Black redstart (P. ochruros) | 3 | H. rufipes | 1/1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis) | 1 | H. rufipes | 1/1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Dunnock (Prunella modularis) | 1 | Hyalomma sp. | 0/1 | |||
| Eurasian blackcap (S. atricapilla) | 48 | NA | NA | |||
| European robin (E. rubecula) | 39 | H.rufipes | 2/10 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Garden warbler (S. borin) | 30 | NA | NA | |||
| Icterine warbler (H. icterina) | 41 | NA | NA | |||
| Northern weathear (O. oenanthe) | 1 | H. rufipes | 1/1 | 1 | ||
| Pied flycatcher (F. hypoleuca) | 30 | Hyalomma sp. | 0/1 | |||
| Redstart (P. phoenicuros) | 25 | H. rufipes | 8/12 | 8 | 0 | 0 |
| Song thrush (Turdus philomenos) | 4 | H. rufipes | 1/1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Hyalomma sp. | 0/3 | |||||
| Spotted flycatcher (M. striata) | 24 | H. rufipes | 1/2 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Subalpine warbler (S. cantillas) | 1 | Hyalomma sp. | 0/1 | |||
| Tree pipit (A. trivialis) | 2 | Amblyomma marmoreum | 1/1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Hyalomma sp. | 0/1 | |||||
| Whinchat (S. rubetra) | 43 | H. rufipes | 5/7 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| Whitethroat (S. communis) | 57 | H. rufipes | 2/5 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Willow warbler (P. trochilus) | 1 | Hyalomma sp. | 0/1 | |||
| Wood warbler (P. sibilatrix) | 5 | H. rufipes | 1/1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Hyalomma sp. | 0/4 | |||||
*NA, no ticks collected.