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. 2020 Nov 17;11:635. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00635

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Copyright © 2020 Yang, Shi, Liu, Zhang, Feng, Qian, Liu and Ma.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Characterization of core microbial communities. (A) Community barplot analysis showing the relative abundance on the phylum level. (B) Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio. (C) Relative abundance of the domain phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Spirochaetes. (D) Ratio of Bacteroidetes to Proteobacteria. Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum test was used to assess the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and the ratio of Bacteroidetes to Proteobacteria. (E) Relative abundance of Proteobacteria (delta, gamma, and alpha). *P < 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, ^metformin versus dapagliflozin P < 0.05.