TABLE 1.
GPCRs with known functions in epididymis or efferent ductules
| Receptor name | Family name | Expression | Function | Signalling effectors | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ADGRG2 (GPR64) | Adhesion Class GPCRs | Efferent ductules; proximal epididymis (non‐ciliated cells; principal cells) | Fluid reabsorption; possibly sperm maturation | Gs; Gi; Gq; G12/13; β‐arrestin 1; β‐arrestin 2 | Davies et al. (2004), Demberg, Rothemund, Schoneberg, and Liebscher (2015), Peeters et al. (2015), Zhang et al. (2018), and Azimzadeh, Talamantez‐Lyburn, Chang, Inoue, and Balenga (2019) |
| AT2 receptor | Angiotensin receptors | Basal cells | Proton secretion | Unknown | Krege et al. (1995), Esther et al. (1996), and Shum et al. (2008) |
| LGR4 (GPR48) | Class A orphans | Epithelial cells in the reproductive organs | Epithelial–mesenchymal interactions | Gs, Gq, Wnt | Mendive et al. (2006), Gao et al. (2006), Li et al. (2010), Carmon, Gong, Lin, Thomas, and Liu (2011), and Luo et al. (2016) |
| GPER (GPR30) | G protein‐coupled estrogen receptor | Testis; spermatozoa; prostate; efferent ductules; epididymis | Formation of blood–epididymal barrier and regulation of osmotic pressure | Gs; β‐arrestin 2 | Filardo, Quinn, Bland, and Frackelton (2000), Katleba, Legacki, Conley, and Berger (2015), and Cao et al. (2017) |
| Adenosine receptor | Adenosine receptors | Epididymis | Contractility of the epididymis | Gs; Gi; Gq; β‐arrestin | Haynes, Alexander, and Hill (1998b), Geldenhuys, Hanif, Yun, and Nayeem (2017), and Santiago et al. (2020) |