Table 4.
Predictive values for perforated vs. non-perforated appendicitis.
| Sensitivity (CI 95%) | Specificity (CI 95%) | PPV (CI 95%) | NPV (CI 95%) | LR+ (CI 95%) | LR– (CI 95%) | AUC (CI 95%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alvarado | 84.3 (76.7–90.2) | 39.3 (36.0–41.9) | 37.7 (34.3–40.3) | 85.2 (78.0–90.7) | 1.39 (1.20–1.55) | 0.40 (0.23–0.65) | 0.69 (0.54–0.67) |
| Pediatric | 40.2 (32.1–48.5) | 68.4 (64.8–72.0) | 35.7 (28.5–43.0) | 72.4 (68.7–76.2) | 1.27 (0.91–1.73) | 0.87 (0.72–1.05) | 0.61 (0.54–0.67) |
| Tzanakis | 81.4 (74.2–87.5) | 20.1 (16.9–22.8) | 30.7 (28.0–33.1) | 71.2 (60.1–80.8) | 1.02 (0.89–1.13) | 0.93 (0.55–1.53) | 0.51 (0.44–0.58) |
| HAS | 41.2 (33.1–49.3) | 73.5 (70.0–77.0) | 40.4 (32.5–48.4) | 74.1 (70.6–77.7) | 1.55 (1.10–2.15) | 0.80 (0.65–0.96) | 0.58 (0.51–0.65) |
| Mod HAS | 97.1 (91.8–99.2) | 17.9 (15.7–18.9) | 34.0 (32.2–34.8) | 93.3 (81.4–98.3) | 1.23 (1.14–1.24) | 0.05 (0.00–0.33) | 0.71 (0.65–0.76) |
| AI Score | 98.0 (93.1–99.7) | 17.5 (15.4–18.2) | 34.1 (32.4–34.7) | 95.3 (83.6–99.2) | 1.19 (1.10–1.22) | 0.11 (0.02–0.45) | 0.71 (0.65–0.76) |
A negative modified Heidelberg Appendicitis Score (HAS) or Artificial Intelligence (AI) almost rules out perforated appendicitis (NPV and negative LR). PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value; LR+, positive likelihood ratio; LR–L negative likelihood ratio; AUC, area under the curve.