Table 1.

Inclusion criteria based on previous carbon ion radiotherapy studies.

Disease site	Study, source	Inclusion criteria
Glioblastoma	CLEOPATRA study; Combs et al, 2010 [17]	• Unifocal, supratentorial glioblastoma, • Treatment with temozolomide, • Previous photon irradiation, • Age older than 18 y
Hepatocellular carcinoma	PROMETHEUS-01 study; Combs et al, 2011 [18]	• Hepatocellular carcinoma, • No extrahepatic spread, • Age older than 18 y
Cholangiocarcinoma	J-CROS study; Kasuya et al, 2019 [19]	• Intrahepatic or perihilar cholangiocarcinoma, • Treated with chemotherapy, • No surgery allowed
Locally advanced pancreatic cancer	PHOENIX [9], CIPHER/NCT03536182 study; UTSWMC, 2018	• Locally advanced or unresectable pancreatic cancer, • No evidence of distant metastases, • No previous radiation, • Age older than 18 y
Non–small cell lung cancer	Miyamoto et al, 2003 [20], Miyamoto et al, 2007 [21], Yamamoto et al, 2017 [22], Hayashi et al, 2019 [23]	• Stage I non-small cell lung cancer, • Locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer, • Squamous cell, adenocarcinoma, or large cell of the lung, • Inoperable or refusing surgery
Localized prostate cancer	Nomiya et al, 2016 [24], Zhang et al, 2019 [25], Kasuya et al, 2017 [26]	• Prostate adenocarcinoma, • T1-3N0, • M0 disease
Soft tissue sarcoma	Sugahara et al, 2012 [27], Kamada et al. 2002 [28]	• Localized sarcomas, • Extremity, pelvis, or spine location, • No history of previous radiation, • Inoperable
Salivary gland	COSMIC (NCT01154270) Jensen et al, 2010 [29]	• Inoperable tumor, • Grade 2/3, • R1 or R2 resection, • T3 or T4, • Perineural invasion
Sinonasal cancers	Koto et al, 2014 [30]	• Definitive carbon ion therapy, • Medically inoperable, • Age 15-79, • No previous radiation
Nasopharyngeal cancers	Akbaba et al. 2019 [31, 32]	• Locally advanced nasopharyngeal tumors, • Paranasal sinus tumors were excluded

Abbreviation: UTSWMC, University of Texas Southwest Medical Center.