Table 2. Effect of different concentrations of IONPs on direct shoot regeneration frequency of chickpea varieties.
| Bittle-98 variety | Punjab Noor-2009 variety | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatments | EA | EXC | EA | EXC |
| Control (MS+BAP) | 12.6±1.5g (21%) | 19.2±2.4f (32%) | 21.1±1.3e (35%) | 23.5±0.5e (39%) |
| IONPs (1 mg/L) | 32.1± 0.7d (53%) | 27.6±0.9e (46%) | 33.0±0.5d (55%) | 35.5±0.9d (59%) |
| IONPs (5 mg/L) | 39.2±1.1c (65%) | 36.0±1.5d (60%) | 42.1±1.0b (70%) | 46.8±2.6ab (78%) |
| IONPs (10 m g/L) | 42.6±0.0b (71%) | 41.5±1.8b (69%) | 45.0±2.2ab (75%) | 50.5±0.1a (84%) |
| 1ONPs (15 mg/L) | 47.4.0±0.4a (79%) | 45.7±2.5ab (76%) | 51.6±0.9a (86%) | 53.0±1.5a (88%) |
| IONPs (20 mg/L) | 24.1±2.1e (40%) | 00.0±0.0 (0%) | 27.1±1.8e (45%) | 29.0±1.8d (48%) |
Data followed by small alphabets stand for the individual as an average of three replicates (P < 0.05). Each replicate consists of 20 treatments. EA, embryo axes with removed root apex, EXC embryo axes plus attached part of the cotyledon.