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. 2020 Dec 1;15(12):e0242829. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242829

Table 3. Effect of different concentrations of IONPs on root induction frequency of chickpea varieties.

Bittle-98 variety Punjab Noor-2009 variety
Treatments EA EXC EA EXC
Control (MS+IBA) 11.0±0.8a (18%) 13.2±0.5ab (22%) 10.2±0.0a (16%) 19.3±0.2ab (32%)
IONPs (1 mg/L) 21.6± 0.6ab (36%) 29.5±2.1b (49%) 24.7±1.7b (41%) 33.1±1.2c (55%)
IONPs (5 mg/L) 28.2±2.1b (47%) 36.0±1.6c (60%) 31.4±1.5bc (52%) 37.2±1.0c (62%)
IONPs (10 mg/L) 35.0±0.7c (58%) 40.2±1.8cd (67) 38.5±0.8cd (64%) 42.6±1.3d (71%)
1ONPs (15 mg/L) 41.5±1.5cd (69%) 47.0±2.6e (78%) 45.0±1.2d (75%) 49.8±0.9e (83%)

Values show the mean ± standard error (SE) of 20 replicates each treatment. Values followed by small alphabets stand for the individual values as an average of three replicates (P < 0.05). Variable groups (explants, varieties and treatments) that are not represented by the same letter are significantly different (P < 0.05). EA, embryo axes with removed root apex, EXC embryo axes plus attached part of cotyledon.