Table 3. Effect of different concentrations of IONPs on root induction frequency of chickpea varieties.
Bittle-98 variety | Punjab Noor-2009 variety | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Treatments | EA | EXC | EA | EXC |
Control (MS+IBA) | 11.0±0.8a (18%) | 13.2±0.5ab (22%) | 10.2±0.0a (16%) | 19.3±0.2ab (32%) |
IONPs (1 mg/L) | 21.6± 0.6ab (36%) | 29.5±2.1b (49%) | 24.7±1.7b (41%) | 33.1±1.2c (55%) |
IONPs (5 mg/L) | 28.2±2.1b (47%) | 36.0±1.6c (60%) | 31.4±1.5bc (52%) | 37.2±1.0c (62%) |
IONPs (10 mg/L) | 35.0±0.7c (58%) | 40.2±1.8cd (67) | 38.5±0.8cd (64%) | 42.6±1.3d (71%) |
1ONPs (15 mg/L) | 41.5±1.5cd (69%) | 47.0±2.6e (78%) | 45.0±1.2d (75%) | 49.8±0.9e (83%) |
Values show the mean ± standard error (SE) of 20 replicates each treatment. Values followed by small alphabets stand for the individual values as an average of three replicates (P < 0.05). Variable groups (explants, varieties and treatments) that are not represented by the same letter are significantly different (P < 0.05). EA, embryo axes with removed root apex, EXC embryo axes plus attached part of cotyledon.