Table 3.
Comparison between the concentration of total phenols and flavonoids in honey samples from the present research and from previously published studies.
| Study | Total phenols | Total flavonoids | Botanical origin | Geographical origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present study | ||||
| Low altitude honey (437 m) | 91.33 ± 0.96 mg GAE/100 g | 8.78 ± 0.23 mg QE/100 g | Acacia | Saudi Arabia |
| High altitude honey (2 246 m) | 81.47 ± 1.25 mg GAE/100 g | 10.63 ± 0.53 mg QE/100 g | Acacia | Saudi Arabia |
| Akbari et al. (2020)16 | 33.21 ± 5.64 mg/100 g | 2.71 ± 0.17 mg/100 g | Acacia | Iran |
| Al-Farsi et al. (2018)39 | 1624–2898 mg GAE/kg | 1613–2890 mg QE/kg | Acacia (Sumer), Ziziphus and multiflora | Sultanate of Oman |
| Cabrera et al. (2017)40 | 93.4 ± 0.87 mg GAE/100 g | 6.14 ± 0.35 mg QE/100 g | Acacia | Burkina Faso |
| Alqarni et al. (2016)41 | 0.74–0.84 mg GAE/g | – | Acacia | Saudi Arabia |
| Ahmed et al. (2016)14 | – | 122–5482 μg/100 g | Polyfloral and Cactus | Yemen |
| Ahmed et al. (2014)13 | – | 261–1646 μg/100 g | Ziziphus jujuba | Yemen |
| Pontis et al. (2014)38 | – | 9–4.8 mg QE/kg | Multifloral | Brazil |
Data presented as mean ± SD, or range.
GAE, gallic acid equivalent; QE, quercetin equivalent.
Differences in total phenols and flavonoids concentrations may be due to different botanical or geographical origin.