Table 4. Predictors for all-cause mortality in matched population.
| Variables | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| ICD insertion | 0.45 (0.20–0.98) | 0.044 | 0.39 (0.16–0.92) | 0.032 |
| CRT insertion | 1.15 (0.46–2.84) | 0.769 | ||
| Age | 1.06 (1.02–1.10) | 0.005 | 1.12 (1.04–1.20) | 0.001 |
| Male | 0.36 (0.16–0.83) | 0.016 | 0.54 (0.17–1.70) | 0.290 |
| BMI | 0.91 (0.80–1.04) | 0.149 | 0.95 (0.84–1.07) | 0.381 |
| Hypertension | 1.16 (0.54–2.47) | 0.708 | 2.95 (1.10–7.91) | 0.031 |
| Diabetes | 1.91 (0.86–4.26) | 0.115 | 1.52 (0.58–3.95) | 0.392 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 1.79 (0.84–3.84) | 0.132 | 0.86 (0.63–1.18) | 0.358 |
| Valvular heart disease | NA | NA | ||
| COPD | 3.04 (1.05–8.82) | 0.041 | 2.82 (0.72–11.0) | 0.136 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1.92 (0.77–4.77) | 0.160 | ||
| Chronic kidney disease | 3.12 (1.32–7.40) | 0.010 | 1.49 (0.30–7.32) | 0.622 |
| Malignancy | 0.56 (0.08–4.11) | 0.566 | ||
| ADHF (vs. de novo) | 2.32 (0.98–5.49) | 0.056 | 2.21 (0.44–11.2) | 0.338 |
| Previous HF admission | 2.14 (0.99–4.62) | 0.052 | 1.71 (0.42–6.95) | 0.454 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0.91 (0.37–2.27) | 0.841 | ||
| LVEF (baseline) | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) | 0.914 | 0.97 (0.92–1.02) | 0.224 |
| LA | 1.02 (0.96–1.09) | 0.440 | ||
| Hemoglobin | 0.79 (0.67–0.92) | 0.003 | 1.13 (0.93–1.36) | 0.211 |
| Creatinine | 1.39 (1.07–1.80) | 0.013 | 1.15 (0.69–1.91) | 0.588 |
| ICU admission | 0.78 (0.36–1.67) | 0.523 | ||
| Mechanical ventilation | 1.92 (0.66–5.56) | 0.229 | ||
| ACEi or ARBa | 0.35 (0.14–0.88) | 0.025 | 0.77 (0.23–2.52) | 0.661 |
| Beta-blockera | 0.49 (0.23–1.05) | 0.066 | 0.30 (0.12–0.73) | 0.008 |
HR = hazard ratio, CI = confidence interval, ICD = indicates implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, CRT = cardiac resynchronization therapy, BMI = body mass index, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ADHF = acute decompensated heart failure, HF = heart failure, LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction, LA = left atrium, ICU = intensive care unit, ACEi = angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker.
aMedications prescribed at discharge from index admission.