Table 2.
Variables | Intervention (n = 35) | Control (n = 35) | Mean difference | (95% CI) lower | (95% CI) lower | P value# | P value## | P value for interaction### | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||||||||
Knowledge | Before | 5.23 | 2.67 | 4.37 | 2.16 | 0.86 | −0.30 | 2.01 | 0.144 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
After | 9.37 | 2.34 | 5.43 | 1.77 | 3.31 | 2.78 | 3.86 | < 0.001 | |||
Post | 10.03 | 2.04 | 8.00 | 1.64 | 1.63 | 0.94 | 2.32 | < 0.001 | |||
| |||||||||||
Performance | Before | 14.77 | 5.97 | 14.71 | 6.39 | 0.06 | −2.89 | 3.01 | 0.969 | 0.011 | < 0.001 |
After | 25.26 | 5.50 | 16.74 | 5.68 | 8.47 | 7.42 | 9.51 | < 0.001 | |||
Post | 28.14 | 4.91 | 26.06 | 3.36 | 2.06 | 0.82 | 3.29 | 0.001 | |||
| |||||||||||
Physical function | Before | 38.29 | 19.13 | 31.86 | 15.63 | 6.43 | −1.90 | 14.76 | 0.128 | < 0.001 | 0.418 |
After | 39.29 | 16.77 | 31.86 | 15.63 | 1.60 | −0.59 | 3.80 | 0.150 | |||
| |||||||||||
Role physical | Before | 5.71 | 17.24 | 7.86 | 17.96 | −2.14 | −10.54 | 6.25 | 0.612 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
After | 15.71 | 19.26 | 7.86 | 17.96 | 9.85 | 5.66 | 14.04 | < 0.001 | |||
| |||||||||||
Body pain | Before | 34.71 | 18.46 | 27.97 | 15.28 | 6.74 | −1.34 | 14.83 | 0.101 | < 0.001 | 0.001 |
After | 43.09 | 14.13 | 27.97 | 15.28 | 10.07 | 6.30 | 13.84 | < 0.001 | |||
| |||||||||||
General health | Before | 26.94 | 15.80 | 27.51 | 16.38 | −0.57 | −8.25 | 7.10 | 0.882 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
After | 42.94 | 12.32 | 27.51 | 16.38 | 15.82 | 12.21 | 19.45 | < 0.001 | |||
| |||||||||||
Vitality | Before | 36.29 | 14.52 | 38.29 | 16.67 | −2.00 | −9.46 | 5.46 | 0.594 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
After | 49.43 | 11.99 | 38.29 | 16.67 | 12.74 | 9.94 | 15.56 | < 0.001 | |||
| |||||||||||
Social functioning | Before | 33.40 | 15.81 | 30.89 | 11.52 | 2.51 | −4.09 | 9.11 | 0.450 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
After | 47.34 | 14.29 | 30.89 | 11.52 | 14.63 | 10.37 | 18.91 | < 0.001 | |||
| |||||||||||
Role emotional | Before | 10.40 | 20.95 | 10.43 | 22.50 | −0.03 | −10.40 | 10.34 | 0.996 | 0.032 | 0.001 |
After | 16.09 | 23.33 | 10.43 | 22.50 | 5.68 | 1.36 | 10.01 | 0.011 | |||
| |||||||||||
Mental health | Before | 50.63 | 10.58 | 49.49 | 11.92 | 1.14 | −4.23 | 6.52 | 0.673 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
After | 60.69 | 7.10 | 49.49 | 11.92 | 10.37 | 8.54 | 12.20 | < 0.001 | |||
| |||||||||||
Total physical health | Before | 28.26 | 11.75 | 26.54 | 10.51 | 1.71 | −3.60 | 7.03 | 0.522 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
After | 38.03 | 9.21 | 26.54 | 10.51 | 10.09 | 8.16 | 12.03 | < 0.001 | |||
| |||||||||||
Total mental health | Before | 31.60 | 10.78 | 31.37 | 9.38 | 0.23 | −4.59 | 5.05 | 0.925 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
After | 43.26 | 8.80 | 31.37 | 9.38 | 11.70 | 9.61 | 13.79 | < 0.001 | |||
| |||||||||||
Total SF-36 | Before | 29.51 | 10.99 | 28.00 | 8.59 | 1.51 | −3.19 | 6.22 | 0.523 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
After | 39.31 | 8.77 | 28.00 | 8.59 | 10.06 | 8.31 | 11.81 | < 0.001 |
#Independent t-test for baseline measures, ANCOVA for after (post) intervention measures. ##ANCOVA for after (post) intervention measures adjusted for gender, age, BMI, education, family history, hypertension history, diabetic history, hyperlipedimia history, smoking history, alcolic history, and stressful personality. ###Time-intervention interaction based on RMANOVA. Bold values indicate significant P values.