Table 2.

Mixed model analysis of variance results for the outcome measures.

		Group				Time				Group × time
		F	p	Effect size	95% CI	F	p	Effect size	95% CI	F	p
Spinal posture	Thoracic kyphosis(º)	2.181	0.149	0.062	−1.152 to 7.251	27.657	≤0.001∗	0.456	2.949 to 6.671	0.296	0.590
	Lumbar lordosis(º)	0.019	0.890	0.001	−6.244 to 5.443	0.714	0.404	0.021	−1.182 to 2.860	1.608	0.214
Extension range of motion	Thoracic extension(º)	3.207	0.082	0.089	−0.708 to 11.113	41.361	≤0.001∗	0.556	5.254 to 10.116	3.834	0.059
	Lumbar extension(º)	3.584	0.067	0.098	−0.472 to 13.115	1.447	0.238	0.042	−1.354 to 5.274	2.569	0.118
Muscle activity	Longissimus thoracis (%MVIC)	0.666	0.420	0.020	−0.084 to 0.036	10.912	0.002∗	0.248	0.021 to 0.086	0.105	0.747
	Iliocostalis lumborum pars thoracis (%MVIC)	0.730	0.399	0.022	−0.083 to 0.034	0.547	0.465	0.016	−0.021 to 0.045	0.662	0.422
	Iliocostalis lumborum pars lumborum (%MVIC)	0.356	0.555	0.011	−0.056 to 0.102	4.700	0.037∗	0.125	0.002 to 0.072	0.227	0.637
Strength (kgf)		1.025	0.319	0.030	−6.355 to 18.943	105.362	≤0.001∗	0.761	−22.556 to −15.093	0.728	0.400

CI, confidence interval; MVIC, maximum voluntary isometric contraction. ^∗p < 0.05.