Table 1. Difference of the health consciousness behavior, health-promoting behavior and the quality of life by general characteristics and health behavior (n=191).

Variables		Categories	n (%)	Healthconsciousness behavior		Health promotionbehavior		Quality of life
				M ± SD	p	M ± SD	p	M ± SD	p
General characteristics	Gender	Male	64 (33.5)	2.57 ± 0.96	<0.001	48.69 ± 5.34	0.013	57.34 ± 8.72	0.052
		Female	127 (66.5)	3.20 ± 0.62		51.38 ± 7.28		60.65 ± 11.05
	Age (yrs)	≤ 69	79 (41.4)	2.69 ± 0.74	0.001	49.20 ± 6.12	0.012	59.13 ± 9.77	0.739
		70–79	88 (46.1)	3.09 ± 0.77		50.78 ± 7.01		59.35 ± 10.59
		≥ 80	24 (12.5)	3.42 ± 0.87		54.20 ± 7.26		61.09 ± 11.26
	Education level†	Uneducated	18 (9.4)	3.58 ± 0.51	<0.001	53.86 ± 7.23	0.001	58.67 ± 12.58	0.032
		Elementary school	41 (21.5)	3.52 ± 0.73		51.35 ± 8.93		61.30 ± 12.61
		Middle and high school	96 (50.3)	2.75 ± 0.77		48.66 ± 5.89		57.86 ± 10.17
		≥University	36 (18.8)	2.77 ± 0.68		53.53 ± 4.66		63.88 ± 6.45
	Religion†	Catholic	82 (42.9)	3.35 ± 0.75	<0.001	51.38 ± 8.06	0.227	61.06 ± 11.97	0.114
		Protestantism	53 (27.7)	3.05 ± 0.65		51.35 ± 5.63		59.65 ± 8.18
		Buddhism	27 (14.1)	2.64 ± 0.73		49.00 ± 5.62		60.63 ± 10.27
		No	29 (15.3)	2.24 ± 0.66		48.44 ± 6.13		54.00 ± 10.34
	Occupation	No	136 (71.2)	3.08 ± 0.82	0.004	51.00 ± 7.30	0.284	59.57 ± 10.86	0.939
		Yes	55 (28.8)	2.67 ± 0.72		49.75 ± 5.96		59.43 ± 10.58
	Housing holdings	Owner	160 (83.8)	2.93 ± 0.78	0.951	50.44 ± 7.05	−0.946	60.44 ± 10.71	0.055
		Lease, Rent	31 (16.2)	2.94 ± 0.83		50.57 ± 5.77		55.24 ± 8.09
	Stress†	Very high stress	9 (4.7)	3.40 ± 0.55	0.107	52.86 ± 8.47	<0.001	57.43 ± 13.72	<0.001
		High stress	24 (12.6)	2.63 ± 0.68		46.50 ± 6.29		52.64 ± 7.17
		Neither high nor low stress	87 (45.6)	2.97 ± 0.89		49.28 ± 5.49		58.12 ± 9.19
		Slight stress	35 (18.3)	2.93 ± 0.66		52.16 ± 5.93		62.00 ± 8.58
		Very little stress	36 (18.8)	3.25 ± 0.79		53.97 ± 8.83		65.31 ± 12.13
	Health status†	Very bad	11 (5.8)	3.00 ± 0.00	0.097	51.40 ± 10.35	0.009	59.40 ± 10.06	<0.001
		Relatively bad	26 (13.6)	3.40 ± 0.94		49.78 ± 6.54		55.80 ± 9.06
		Similar to others	87 (45.5)	2.97 ± 0.81		48.91 ± 6.86		56.37 ± 9.73
		Comparatively good	60 (31.4)	2.79 ± 0.77		52.15 ± 5.33		63.5 ± 9.09
		Very good	7 (3.7)	3.00 ± 0.63		56.57 ± 8.10		69.71 ± 12.63
Health behavior	Exercise	Yes	139 (72.8)	3.83 ± 0.66	<0.001	50.89 ± 6.43	0.127	60.62 ± 10.30	0.008
		No	52 (27.2)	2.70 ± 0.66		49.10 ± 7.06		55.34 ± 9.95
	Smoking	Yes	17 (8.9)	1.40 ± 0.70	<0.001	47.30 ± 4.32	−0.190	54.90 ± 9.47	0.123
		No	174 (91.1)	3.09 ± 0.70		49.86 ± 5.62		60.01 ± 10.10
	Drinking	Yes	62 (32.5)	2.12 ± 0.70	<0.001	48.09 ± 5.16	0.003	56.28 ± 8.93	0.014
		No	129 (67.5)	3.32 ± 0.56		51.56 ± 7.28		60.83 ± 11.05
	Healthcheck up	Yes	167 (87.4)	3.08 ± 0.76	0.001	50.17 ± 7.01	0.261	58.94 ± 10.15	−0.331
		No	24 (12.6)	2.87 ± 0.74		52.27 ± 4.91		61.67 ± 11.84

M: Mean; SD: Standard Deviation. †: Scheffe test.