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Identification and characterization of plant CREs. (A) Identification of candidate CREs in constitutive promoters. Shaded squared indicate presence of TF binding site motifs. (B) Deletion, or, (C) Relocation of a CRE common to all pathogen promoters (C-CRE) significantly reduces expression. D = distal, M = mid, P = proximal. Error bars = 2 × standard error; n = 3; P-values were calculated using unpaired two-tailed Student's t-test; *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001, ns = not significant.
