Table 3.
Maternal characteristics: infants alive at day 28 vs. those with a neonatal death
| Neonatal Mortality < 28 Days |
Alive at 28 Days | RR (95% CI)b | Wald p-valueb |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age, N (%) | 758 | 30,185 | 0.5303 | |
| < 20 | 104 (13.7) | 3842 (12.7) | 1.12 (0.90, 1.41) | 0.3075 |
| 20–25 | 487 (64.2) | 20,299 (67.2) | Reference | – |
| 26–30 | 145 (19.1) | 5309 (17.6) | 1.13 (0.94, 1.38) | 0.2000 |
| > 30 | 22 (2.9) | 735 (2.4) | 1.24 (0.83, 1.85) | 0.2935 |
| Maternal education, N (%) | 758 | 30,183 | 0.0012 | |
| No formal education | 126 (16.6) | 3555 (11.8) | 2.13 (1.40, 3.26) | 0.0005 |
| Primary/Secondary | 580 (76.5) | 23,434 (77.6) | 1.51 (1.07, 2.13) | 0.0196 |
| University + | 52 (6.9) | 3194 (10.6) | Reference | – |
| Body Mass Index, N (%) | 756 | 30,165 | 0.5449 | |
| Underweight (< 18.5) | 250 (33.1) | 10,406 (34.5) | 0.95 (0.81, 1.11) | 0.5132 |
| Normal (18.5–24.9) | 447 (59.1) | 17,633 (58.5) | Reference | – |
| Overweight (≥ 25) | 59 (7.8) | 2126 (7.0) | 1.09 (0.86, 1.39) | 0.4751 |
| Parity, N (%) | 758 | 30,183 | 0.0003 | |
| 0 | 329 (43.4) | 11,585 (38.4) | 1.30 (1.08, 1.56) | 0.0060 |
| 1–2 | 360 (47.5) | 16,561 (54.9) | Reference | – |
| ≥ 3 | 69 (9.1) | 2037 (6.7) | 1.54 (1.16, 2.04) | 0.0026 |
| Number of antenatal care visits, N (%) | 758 | 30,183 | < .0001 | |
| 0–1 | 21 (2.8) | 127 (0.4) | 9.11 (6.16, 13.45) | < .0001 |
| 2 | 108 (14.2) | 914 (3.0) | 6.77 (4.75, 9.65) | < .0001 |
| 3 | 218 (28.8) | 6152 (20.4) | 2.26 (1.86, 2.74) | < .0001 |
| ≥ 4 | 411 (54.2) | 22,990 (76.2) | Reference | – |
| Gestational age at enrollment, N (%) | 756 | 30,091 | 0.2470 | |
| < 8 weeks | 283 (37.4) | 10,892 (36.2) | Reference | – |
| 8.0–11.6 weeks | 247 (32.7) | 11,006 (36.6) | 0.87 (0.74, 1.01) | 0.0686 |
| 12.0–20.0 weeks | 177 (23.4) | 6422 (21.3) | 1.06 (0.85, 1.32) | 0.5987 |
| > 20,0 weeks | 49 (6.5) | 1771 (5.9) | 1.07 (0.78, 1.47) | 0.6814 |
aFor multiple pregnancies the same maternal information is repeated for each infant
bRelative risks and p-values are obtained from log Binomial models a function of each individual maternal characteristic using generalized estimating equations to account for the correlation of outcomes within cluster