Table 4.
Neonatal characteristics, interventions and treatment by neonatal outcome at 28 days
| Neonatal mortality < 28 Days |
Alive at 28 Days |
RR (95% CI)b | Wald p-valueb |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birth weight, N (%) | 750 | 30,184 | < .0001 | |
| < 1000 g | 108 (14.4) | 8 (0.0) | 82.63 (75.10, 90.91) | < .0001 |
| 1000-1499 g | 112 (14.9) | 130 (0.4) | 41.12 (33.90, 49.87) | < .0001 |
| 1500-2499 g | 254 (33.9) | 5872 (19.5) | 3.68 (3.17, 4.26) | < .0001 |
| ≥ 2500 g | 276 (36.8) | 24,174 (80.1) | Reference | – |
| GA at delivery (weeks)a, Mean (sd) | 34.7 (5.7) | 38.8 (2.3) | 1.28 (1.27, 1.30) | < .0001 |
| Preterm, N (%) | 364 (48.0) | 2871 (9.5) | 7.91 (6.92, 9.04) | < .0001 |
| Multiple, N (%) | 75 (9.9) | 497 (1.6) | 5.83 (4.51, 7.54) | < .0001 |
| Essential newborn care | ||||
| Baby placed on mother's chest, N (%) | 65 (8.8) | 7258 (24.1) | 0.28 (0.13, 0.57) | 0.0006 |
| Baby bathed within 6 h, N (%) | 3 (0.4) | 115 (0.4) | 1.07 (0.52, 2.24) | 0.8480 |
| Breastfeeding initiation within 1 h, N (%) | 128 (17.5) | 21,114 (70.0) | 0.08 (0.06, 0.11) | < .0001 |
| Newborn treatment | ||||
| Bag and mask resuscitation, N (%) | 379 (50.3) | 1018 (3.4) | 21.88 (18.48, 25.90) | < .0001 |
| Antibiotics, N (%) | 357 (47.3) | 1837 (6.1) | 11.81 (9.67, 14.42) | < .0001 |
| Oxygen, N (%) | 420 (55.6) | 1615 (5.4) | 18.26 (14.89, 22.39) | < .0001 |
| CPAP, N (%) | 147 (19.5) | 434 (1.4) | 13.61 (9.77, 18.98) | < .0001 |
| Mechanical ventilation, N (%) | 121 (16.0) | 153 (0.5) | 21.65 (17.00, 27.58) | < .0001 |
aRelative risk for a 1-week decrease in gestational age at delivery
bRelative risks and p-values are obtained from log Binomial models as a function of each individual neonatal characteristic using generalized estimating equations to account for the correlation of outcomes within cluster