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. 2020 Nov 30;18:188. doi: 10.1186/s12964-020-00678-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Metabolic reprogramming and immunological activation in ADSM. a Metabolic gene expression in ADSM treated with CM was analyzed by RT-qPCR (n = 4). b Glucose and c Glutamine uptake rate per 24 h were measured in ADSM treated with CM (n = 4). d Inflammatory and anti-inflammatory gene expression in ADSM treated with CM was analyzed by RT-qPCR (n = 4). e After culturing in CM for 0–24 h, the Tnf concentration in the medium was measured by ELISA (0 h; n = 1, 24 h; n = 4). f Immunocytochemical staining of Nos2 (red) and DAPI (blue) in ADSM treated with CM. Scale bar represents 50 μm. g Summarized schema in this study. * and ** indicate P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively, by ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. Data are presented as average ± SD. All data were obtained from 4 independent experiments using ADSM derived from 4 independent CAIA ankles