Table 3.
Multivariable multilevel logistic regression analysis of both individual and community-level factors associated with skilled birth attendant delivery in East Africa countries from 2008 to 2017
| Individual and community-level variables | Models | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Null model | Model I | Model II | Model III | |
| AOR (95%CI) | AOR (95%CI) | AOR (95%CI) | AOR (95%CI) | |
| Age group | ||||
| 15–24 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 25–34 | 1.19(1.15,1.24) | 1.14(1.09,1.18)* | ||
| 35–49 | 1.21(1.15,1.27) | 1.16(1.10,1.23)* | ||
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 1 | 1 | ||
| Married | 0.86(0.83,0.88) | 1.04(0.99,1.07) | ||
| Maternal education | ||||
| No education | 1 | 1 | ||
| Primary | 1.60(1.55,1.65) | 1.57(1.51,1.63)* | ||
| Secondary and above | 2.65(2.54,2.77) | 2.85(2.70,3.01)* | ||
| Husband education | ||||
| No education | 1 | 1 | ||
| Primary | 1.16(1.13,1.20) | 1.11(1.07,1.15)* | ||
| Secondary and above | 1.63(1.57,1.69) | 1.46(1.40,1.53)* | ||
| Maternal Occupation | ||||
| Had no Occupation | 1 | 1 | ||
| Had Occupation | 1.19(1.16,1.22) | 0.95(0.92,1.02) | ||
| Wealth Index | ||||
| Poor | 1 | |||
| Middle | 1.40(1.36,1.45) | 1.43(1.38,1.49)* | ||
| Rich | 2.14(2.33,2.49) | 2.38(2.28,2.48)* | ||
| ANC visit | ||||
| No ANC visit | 1 | 1 | ||
| Had ANC visit | 1.70(1.66,1.75) | 1.68(1.62,1.73)* | ||
| Wanted Pregnancy | ||||
| Yes | 1 | 1 | ||
| No | 1.14(1.10,1.19) | 0.91(0.87,1.03) | ||
| Number of gestation | ||||
| Single | 1 | 1 | ||
| Multiple | 1.92(1.78,2.06) | 2.06(1.90,2.25)* | ||
| Parity | ||||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 2–4 | 0.73(0.70,0.77) | 0.65(0.61,0.69)* | ||
| 5+ | 0.47(0.44,0.50) | 0.44(0.41,0.47)* | ||
| Accessing health Care | ||||
| Big problem | 1 | 1 | ||
| Not bog problem | 1.14(1.10,1.19) | 1.32(1.28,1.36)* | ||
| Birth Interval | ||||
| Less than 24 month | 1 | 1 | ||
| 24 month and above | 0.96(0.93,0.99) | 0.91(0.87,0.94)* | ||
| Residence | ||||
| Urban | 1 | 1 | ||
| Rural | 0.18(0.17,0.19) | 0.43(0.41,0.45)* | ||
| Country | ||||
| Burundi | 0.58(0.53.0.64) | 0.77(0.70,0.85)* | ||
| Ethiopia | 0.039(0.036,0.043) | 0.05(0.04,0.06)* | ||
| Kenya | 0.09(0.08,0.10) | 0.09(0.085,0.104)* | ||
| Comoros | 0.37(0.33,0.43) | 0.55(0.47,0.63)* | ||
| Madagascar | 0.37(0.33,0.43) | 0.065(0.05,0.071)* | ||
| Malawi | 0.07(0.06,0.078) | 1.01(0.91,1.12) | ||
| Mozambique | 1.11(1.01,1.23) | 0.12(0.11,0.13)* | ||
| Rwanda | 1 | 1 | ||
| Tanzania |
0.006(0.0062,.007) 0) |
0.005(0.004,0.0057)* | ||
| Uganda | 0.27(0.25,0.29) | 0.27(0.25,0.30)* | ||
| Zambia | 0.13(0.11,0.14) | 0.12(0.11,0.13)* | ||
| Zimbabwe | 0.33(0.30,0.37) | 0.19(0.17,0.21)* | ||
| Random effects | ||||
| Community variance(SE) | 0.79(0.04)1) | 0.446(0.026) | 0.52(0.03) | 0.075(0.0046) |
| ICC% | 19.39% | 11.94% | 13.71 | 7.50% |
| PCV% | 1 | 43.54% | 34.17 | 90.50% |
| MOR | 2.32(2.22,2.42)) | 1.88(1.80,1.95) | 1.98(1.90,2.06) | 1.63(1.58,1.69) |
| Model comparison | ||||
| Log-likelihood ratio | −89,568 | −80,035 | −68,848 | −62,929 |
| Deviance | 179,136 | 160,070 | 137,696 | 125,858 |
NB: * = Significant at P-value < 0.05 ICC = Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, MOR Median Odds Ratio, PCV Proportional Change in Variance, SE Standard Error, AOR Adjusted Odds Ratio, ANC Antenatal Care