Table 1.
Baseline description of women with at least 3 pre-labour blood pressure readings
| Total N = 1538 |
HIV- uninfected N = 967 |
HIV- infected N = 571 |
P value* | HIV-infected N = 571 |
P value** | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initiated before pregnancy N = 306 |
Initiated during pregnancy N = 265 |
||||||
| Age, years (%) | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | |||||
| < 24 | 429 (28) | 329 (34) | 100 (18) | 47 (15) | 53 (20) | ||
| 25–29 | 454 (30) | 290 (30) | 164 (29) | 71 (23) | 93 (35) | ||
| > 30 | 655 (43) | 348 (36) | 307 (54) | 188 (61) | 119 (45) | ||
| Median (IQR) | 28 (24–32) | 27 (23–31) | 30 (26–34) | 31 (27–35) | 29 (25–32) | ||
| Height, cm (%) | 0.177 | 0.430 | |||||
| ≤ 155 | 470 (30) | 301 (31) | 263 (30) | 87 (28) | 82 (31) | ||
| 156–161 | 533 (35) | 341 (35) | 291 (33) | 102 (33) | 90 (34) | ||
| ≥ 162 | 412 (27) | 242 (25) | 250 (30) | 93 (30) | 77 (29) | ||
| Missing | 123 (8) | 141 (9) | 53 (7) | 24 (8) | 16 (6) | ||
| Median (IQR) | 158 (154–162) | 158 (154–162) | 158 (154–163) | 158 (154–163) | 158 (155–163) | ||
| Body Mass Index, kg/m2 (%) | 0.074 | 0.121 | |||||
| Underweight (< 18.5) | 9 (0.6) | 4 (0.4) | 5 (0.9) | 3 (1) | 2 (0.8) | ||
| Normal (18.5–24.9) | 246 (16) | 144 (15) | 102 (18) | 49 (16) | 53 (20) | ||
| Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 386 (25) | 241 (25) | 145 (25) | 85 (28) | 60 (23) | ||
| Moderately Obese (30.0–34.9) | 364 (24) | 221 (23) | 143 (25) | 80 (26) | 63 (24) | ||
| Severely Obese (> 35.0) | 397 (26) | 270 (28) | 127 (22) | 59 (19) | 68 (26) | ||
| Missing | 136 (9) | 87 (9) | 49 (9) | 30 (10) | 19 (7) | ||
| Median (IQR) | 31 (26–36) | 31 (27–37) | 30 (26–35) | 30 (26–34) | 31 (26–36) | ||
| Gravidity (%) | 0.001 | 0.001 | |||||
| 1 | 291 (19) | 210 (22) | 81 (14) | 35 (11) | 46 (17) | ||
| 2 | 575 (37) | 363 (37) | 212 (37) | 106 (35) | 106 (40) | ||
| ≥ 3 | 666 (43) | 393 (41) | 273 (48) | 162 (53) | 111 (42) | ||
| Missing | 6 (0.4) | 1 (0.1) | 5 (0.9) | 3 (1) | 2 (0.8) | ||
| Median (IQR) | 2 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | 3 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | ||
| Parity (%) | 0.004 | < 0.0001 | |||||
| 0 | 383 (25) | 268 (28) | 115 (20) | 56 (18) | 59 (22) | ||
| 1 | 644 (42) | 396 (41) | 248 (43) | 121 (40) | 127 (48) | ||
| ≥ 2 | 505 (33) | 302 (31) | 203 (36) | 126 (41) | 77 (29) | ||
| Missing | 6 (0.4) | 1 (0.1) | 5 (0.9) | 3 (1) | 2 (0.8) | ||
| Median (IQR) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | ||
| Previous Preterm (%) | 0.230 | 0.368 | |||||
| Yes | 127 (8) | 74 (8) | 53 (9) | 26 (9) | 27 (10) | ||
| Haemoglobin g/dl (%) | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | |||||
| Normal (≥11.0) | 567 (37) | 369 (38) | 199 (35) | 119 (39) | 80 (30) | ||
| Mild Anaemia (9–10.9) | 401 (26) | 238 (25) | 163 (29) | 81 (26) | 82 (31) | ||
| Moderate Anaemia (7–8.9) | 94 (6) | 42 (4) | 52 (9) | 19 (6) | 33 (12) | ||
| Severe Anaemia (< 7) | 2 (0.1) | 2 (0.2) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Missing | 474 (32) | 317 (33) | 157 (28) | 87 (28) | 70 (26) | ||
| Gestational Age Assessmenta | |||||||
| Median (weeks) (IQR) | 18 (13–24) | 18 (13–24) | 18 (12–24) | 0.252 | 17 (12–23) | 19 (13–24) | 0.334 |
| Booking Blood Pressure (mmHG) (%) | 0.967 | 0.575 | |||||
|
Normal (Sys < 120 or Dia < 80) |
989 (64) | 622 (64) | 367 (64) | 196 (64) | 171 (65) | ||
|
Prehypertensive (Sys 120–139 and Dia 80–89) |
471 (31) | 297 (31) | 174 (31) | 98 (32) | 76 (29) | ||
|
Hypertensive (Sys > 140 or Dia > 90) |
78 (5) | 48 (5) | 30 (5) | 12 (4) | 18 (7) | ||
| Booking Mean arterial pressure (mmHG) | 0.527 | 0.587 | |||||
| Low (< 65) | 26 (2) | 16 (2) | 10 (2) | 4 (1) | 6 (2) | ||
| Normal (65–99) | 1428 (93) | 903 (93) | 525 (92) | 285 (93) | 240 (91) | ||
| High (> 100) | 84 (5) | 48 (5) | 36 (6) | 17 (6) | 19 (7) | ||
| Number of antenatal BP measures | 5 (4–8) | 5 (4–8) | 6 (4–8) | 0.008 | |||
| Any hypertension | 337 (22) | 208 (22) | 129 (23) | 0.620 | 62 (20) | 67 (25) | 0.311 |
| Hypertension typeb (%) | |||||||
| Chronic | 42 (13) | 28 (13) | 14 (11) | 0.560 | 4 (7) | 10 (15) | 0.480 |
| Gestational | 284 (84) | 172 (83) | 112 (87) | 56 (90) | 56 (84) | ||
| Unknown | 11 (3) | 8 (4) | 3 (2) | 2 (3) | 1 (1) | ||
| Diagnostic Criteria (%) | 0.377 | 0.417 | |||||
| Both SBP ≥140 mmHg and DBP ≥90 mmHg | 40 (12) | 26 (13) | 14 (11) | 6 (10) | 8 (12) | ||
| Only SBP ≥140 mmHg | 133 (39) | 87 (42) | 46 (36) | 26 (42) | 20 (30) | ||
| Only DBP ≥90 mmHg | 164 (49) | 95 (46) | 69 (53) | 30 (48) | 39 (58) | ||
| Severity (%) | 0.570 | 0.849 | |||||
| Non-severe: SBP 140–159 or DBP 90-109 mmHg | 324 (96) | 199 (96) | 125 (97) | 60 (97) | 65 (97) | ||
| Severe: BP ≥ 160 or DBP ≥110 mmHg) | 253 (4) | 9 (4) | 4 (3) | 2 (3) | 2 (3) | ||
* Comparison between HIV-uninfected vs HIV-infected
** Comparison between HIV-uninfected vs HIV-infected (Initiated before pregnancy) vs HIV-infected (Initiated during pregnancy)
a Best available measure (USS, SFH, LMP)
b Chronic hypertension incidence estimated among women who were assessed at < 20 weeks gestation. Gestational hypertension incidence will be estimated among women previously assessed as normotensive at < 20 weeks or assessed for the first time at 20 weeks