Table 2.

Descriptive characteristics of the study groups

Characteristics	N (%)	Mean	Median	Std. deviation	Minimum	Maximum
Gender
Female	114 (46%)
Male	134 (54%)
Course level
Higher	94 (38%)
Lower	154 (62%)
Academic rank
Senior	190 (77%)
Junior	58 (23%)
Teaching experience
> 5 years	134 (54%)
< 5 years	114 (46%)
Teaching institute
University of Sharjah	25 (10%)
University Sains Malaysia	5 (6%)
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University	67 (27%)
Maastricht University	47 (19%)
Taibah University	35 (14%)
University of Gezira	49 (20%)
Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University	10 (4%)
Teaching style
Expert	248	2.27	2.25	0.66	1	4.62
Authority	248	1.98	1.94	0.59	1	4.88
Delegator	248	2.45	2.38	0.56	1.25	5
Demonstrator	248	1.83	1.75	0.6	1	4.75
Facilitator	248	2.15	2.13	0.59	1	4.88

Note: Variables definitions are as follows: teachings styles are continuous variables measured by taking the average of statements for each style as shown in Table 1. Gender was taken as 1 for women and 0 for men. Course level was considered as 1 for respondents who taught senior students (years 4 and 5) and 0 for teachers of junior students (years 1, 2 and 3). Academic rank was taken as 1 for senior teachers (professor, associate, and assistant professor) and 0 for junior teachers (lecturer, adjunct faculty). Teaching experience was taken as 1 for senior teachers with more than 5 years’ experience and 0 for juniors with less than 5 years’ experience. Finally the variable UoS was considered as 1 if responding teacher represented University of Sharjah and 0 otherwise; likewise, other institutions were given 1 and 0 using the same coding system