Table 3.
Correlation analysis using the Pearson’s correlation test for different teaching styles, demographics and academics (N = 248)
| Features | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Expert | – | |||||||||||||||
| 2. Authority | 0.68** | – | ||||||||||||||
| 3. Delegator | 0.63** | 0.63** | – | |||||||||||||
| 4. Demonstrator | 0.46** | 0.72** | 0.43** | – | ||||||||||||
| 5. Facilitator | 0.46** | 0.61** | 0.47** | 0.75** | – | |||||||||||
| 6. Gender | −0.10 | −0.17** | −0.08 | −0.04 | 0.01 | – | ||||||||||
| 7. Course level | −0.04 | − 0.05 | − 0.07 | − 0.10 | − 0.11 | − 0.21** | – | |||||||||
| 8. Academic rank | 0.12** | 0.02 | 0.08** | −0.04 | − 0.03 | − 0.26** | − 0.17** | – | ||||||||
| 9. Teaching experience | 0.02 | 0.06 | −0.01 | 0.03 | 0.02 | −0.05 | 0.08 | .294** | – | |||||||
| 10. UoS | −0.06 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.10 | −0.05 | −0.14* | − 0.01 | −0.07 | – | ||||||
| 11. USM | 0.03 | 0.03 | −0.03 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.01 | −0.17** | 0.03 | −0.09 | – | |||||
| 12. IAU | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.13 | 0.01 | −0.11 | − 0.08 | − 0.20** | − 0.16* | – | ||||
| 13. MU | −0.08 | −0.13* | − 0.14* | − 0.10 | − 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.09 | −0.09 | 0.11 | −0.16* | − 0.13 | − 0.29** | – | |||
| 14. TU | −0.02 | −0.08 | − 0.09 | −0.04 | − 0.03 | 0.08 | − 0.29** | 0.23** | 0.25** | −0.13* | − 0.11 | − 0.24** | − 0.19** | – | ||
| 15. UoG | 0.01 | 0.01 | −0.04 | −0.13 | − 0.13* | −0.27** | 0.31** | 0.17** | −0.15* | −0.16* | − 0.13 | −0.29** | − 0.23** | −0.19** | – | |
| 16. STMU | 0.15* | 0.20** | 0.24** | 0.16* | 0.14* | −0.02 | − 0.13* | − 0.11 | − 0.12 | −0.07 | − 0.06 | −0.13* | − 0.11 | −0.09 | − 0.11 | – |
Note: ** and * represent 1 and 5% level of significance
Note: Variables definitions are as follows: teachings styles are continuous variables measured by taking the average of statements for each style as shown in Table 1. Gender was taken as 1 for women and 0 for men. Course level was considered as 1 for respondents who taught senior students (years 4 and 5) and 0 for teachers of junior students (years 1,2,3). Academic tank was taken as 1 for senior teachers (professor, associate, assistant professor) and 0 for junior teachers (lecturer, adjunct faculty). Teaching experience was taken as 1 for senior teachers with more than 5 years’ experience and 0 for juniors with less than 5 years’ experience. Finally the variable UoS was considered as 1 if responding teacher represented UoS and 0 otherwise; Likewise, other institutions were given 1 and 0 using the same coding system
UoS University of Sharjah, USM University Sains Malaysia, IAU Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, MU Maastricht University, TU Taibah University; University of Gezira, STMU Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University