Table 4.
Multiple regression analysis of different teaching styles, demographics and academics (N = 248)
| Features | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Expert | Authority | Delegator | Demonstrator | Facilitator | |
| Gender | −0.117 | − 0.200** | − 0.069 | −0.081 | − 0.021 |
| (0.092) | (0.077) | (0.074) | (0.079) | (0.080) | |
| Course level | −0.135 | − 0.116 | −0.118 | − 0.107 | −0.114 |
| (0.100) | (0.084) | (0.082) | (0.086) | (0.087) | |
| Academic rank | 0.217*** | 0.003 | 0.175** | −0.019 | 0.020 |
| (0.103) | (0.095) | (0.081) | (0.097) | (0.098) | |
| Teaching experience | 0.014 | 0.129 | 0.017 | 0.058 | 0.048 |
| (0.094) | (0.079) | (0.076) | (0.081) | (0.082) | |
| USM | 0.338 | 0.046 | −0.016 | 0.094 | 0.039 |
| (0.218) | (0.184) | (0.176) | (0.188) | (0.190) | |
| IAU | 0.209 | −0.026 | 0.069 | −0.087 | − 0.141 |
| (0.159) | (0.134) | (0.128) | (0.137) | (0.138) | |
| MU | 0.092 | −0.221 | −0.158 | − 0.234 | −0.269* |
| (0.170) | (0.143) | (0.137) | (0.146) | (0.147) | |
| TU | 0.048 | −0.239 | −0.222 | −0.221 | − 0.257 |
| (0.182) | (0.154) | (0.147) | (0.157) | (0.158) | |
| UoG | 0.158 | −0.050 | −0.078 | − 0.244 | −0.283* |
| (0.173) | (0.146) | (0.140) | (0.149) | (0.150) | |
| STMU | 0.605** | 0.422** | 0.512*** | 0.291 | 0.154 |
| (0.236) | (0.199) | (0.190) | (0.203) | (0.205) | |
| Constant | 2.043*** | 2.097*** | 2.407*** | 2.002*** | 2.308*** |
| (0.164) | (0.139) | (0.133) | (0.142) | (0.143) | |
| Observations | 248 | 248 | 248 | 248 | 248 |
| R-squared | 0.165 | 0.207 | 0.206 | 0.178 | 0.066 |
Note: Standard errors in parentheses, *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1
Note: Variables definitions are as follows: teachings styles are continuous variables measured by taking the average of statements for each style as shown in Table 1. Gender was taken as 1 for women and 0 for men. Course level was considered as 1 for respondents who taught senior students (years 4 and 5) and 0 for teachers of junior students (years 1,2,3). Academic tank was taken as 1 for senior teachers (professor, associate, assistant professor) and 0 for junior teachers (lecturer, adjunct faculty). Teaching experience was taken as 1 for senior teachers with more than 5 years’ experience and 0 for juniors with less than 5 years’ experience. Finally the variable UoS was considered as 1 if responding teacher represented UoS and 0 otherwise; Likewise, other institutions were given 1 and 0 using the same coding system
UoS University of Sharjah, USM University Sains Malaysia, IAU Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, MU Maastricht University, TU Taibah University; University of Gezira, STMU Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University