Table 1.

Shows a list of miRNAs responsible for the activation and function of the immune system.

miRNA	Target Gene	Effect	Reference
Let-7	IL-6	Reduces the expression of IL-6	[56]
miR-24	Chitinase 3-like 1	Overexpression enhances the production of Arg-1, CCL-17, CCL-22, CD-163, and CD106, but decreases the production of phenotype markers in stimulated macrophages	[57]
miR-124	TLR	stimulate anti-inflammatory actions by downregulating TLR-6 and Myd-88	[58]
miR- 126	VCAM-1	An enhanced expression is seen as a response to hyperlipidemia treatment.	[59]
miR-132	NF-κB	Overexpression stimulates the translocation of NF-κB, acetylation of p65, and secretion of IL-8 and MCP-1	[60]
	IL-6	Related to macrophage infiltration and IL-6 levels in people with non-alcoholic liver disease
miR-145	TNF-α	Positive effect on the secretion of TNF-α	[61]
miR-146	IL-1β	IRAK suppress miR-164 resulting in increased expression of IL-1 and control the inflammatory response in periodontal inflammation	[62], [63]
	TNF-α	miR-146 is NF-κB dependent and acts as an inhibitor targeted to signalling proteins of an innate immune response
miR-155	IL-1	During Dendritic cell maturation, it regulates the TLR/IL-1 pathway.	[64]
miR-181	NF-κB/VCAM-1/E-selectin	Overexpression inhibits import in a3 expression and an enriched set of NF-κB-responsive genes	[65]
miR-187	TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-2	Regulates Cytokines production	[66]
miR-221	TNF-α	Down-regulated by TNF-α	[67]
miR-222	ICAM-1	Reduces the ICAM-1 expression and prevents the interaction of cytotoxic cell to tumour cells
miR-223	PAI-1	Prevent the accumulation of NLRP3 protein and suppress IL1b secretion from the inflammasome	[68]